Beaten Like Dogs

Beaten Like Dogs ? â€Å"They went by, fallen, dragging their packs, dragging their lives, deserting their childhood, cringing like beaten dogs. † This quote stated in the book the Night written by Elie Wiesel. This quote simply sums up the book in a few words. For me it shows the indescribable misery endured by the Jewish people. This quote really has a deep impact on me. It makes me realize how lucky I am, to live in a country where there is a freedom to practice whatever religion you want to be a part of.It makes me feel so bad for all the torture that the Jews suffered. When I think about the gas chambers, the starvation, and the abuse, I put myself in the position of a Jewish person. If my family was told we were all going to shower, and finally be clean, and we were actually being executed. It makes me sick to my stomach. The disgust the images from this quote bring to me, I will never forget. When I juxtapose my life with an 18 year old Jewish boy’s life in 1945 I realize the suffrage that they went through. I choose to have a job, which I get paid for.While a Jewish boy at this time would be forced to do hard labor for no pay and if they refuse they would be brutally murdered. I eat everyday three meals a day but this boy however gets little to no food. Could I live like this? Suffering everyday surviving physical and mental torture. I really don’t think I could, all of the people, good innocent people being persecuted for their religion I have realized were stronger then the over compensating Nazi’s who got there high from literally breaking down these good people.This quote has changed the way I look at my life and the freedom and choices I get to make every day. Such as: school, clothing, sports, and my job. Also the quote has changed my view on abusive parents. I’ve always known this is a bad thing, but the quote makes me picture how an abused child could feel on the inside. In my opinion Wiesel named the book â₠¬Å"Night† because the Jewish people in the death camps felt like they were trapped in the darkness, and would never see the light of day again.

Dead Poets Society †Responsibility Essay

Exposition – Dead Poet’s Society Neil’s suicide was more his father’s fault than that of Keating. Do you agree or disagree? The movie ‘Dead Poet’s Society’ produced in 1989 by Peter Weir unfolds many perception of life during the 1950’s. The Welton Academy, the place where the movie was filmed, sets a great example as it articulates the regimented life of numerous male students who suffer from pressure, lack of freedom, and high expectations of their parents and teachers. Many of these adolescent boys are considered rebellious instead of subsequent, for taking risks. However, the roles of these students are fundamental as they show the existing individualism throughout the movie. The students also show existing individualism through the encounters that they had with one another, with their parents and with the school staff. However, if individualism is taken to its extent, things can either go right or for instance, Neil’s suicide; it can also go horribly wrong. But moving on to the topic, Yes, Neil’s death was a tragedy, many people believe only himself was held responsible. But if you look at the greater depth of the movie, there are other reasons why Neil chose to end his life. And if there is anything to blame for Neil’s death, there are strong possibilities that Neil’s father and Mr Keating are highly responsible. Who do you think is responsible for Neil’s death? Mr Perry, Neil’s dad, a traditional, persuasive, strict father who requires high expectation of his son or Mr Keating, Neil’s charismatic and inspirational teacher, the one who opened the students mind? Mr Perry can be blamed constantly of Neilâ⠂¬â„¢s suicide if Neil’s death was based on, basically, the lack of freedom Neil had during the time when he was still living. Mr Perry is a very traditional father who has high expectations of his son and just like any typical father in the film, he is forceful and aggressive towards his son’s educational life. He is extremely domineering and believes that deciding for his son was the best idea. It was a tough challenge for Neil to get along with his father as he couldn’t overcome the difficult relationship he had with his father. One example would be when Neil decided to change his father’s will of him doing a career in medicine and alternatively, he chose to follow his dreams and do a career in performing arts. However, Mr Perry showed atrocious response in what Neil has done. Neil’s performance was rather aggravating than delighting to him. Mr Perry insisted to do nothing but decide for his son. Neil, thinking he’s had enough, stood for himself  and tried to communicate with his father to tell him his own perspective. However, the traumatized boy who’s stuck in agony was unable to do so. Neil believed that there was no way out of this horrendous imprisoned-life so his overall choice was to end everything by pull of a trigger. It was the only way for Neil to show independence to his father, the only way to show that he’s seizing the day. Mr Perry, who was unable to understand the state of event, was horrified†¦but if he listened and communicated properly with Neil†¦Neil would still probably, be breathing. Though there was no precise reason of Mr Keating getting involved with Neil’s suicide, Mr Keating was also, somehow, blamed for Neil’s death. Many audience of the film believe that Mr Keating did not present his philosophy of life clearly therefore causing the boys to interpret it incorrectly. This might’ve been during the time he opened his student’s mind and filled them with hopes and dreams, or the time when he told them to look at things in a different way, or the time when he told them to enjoy life to the fullest (ak a Carpe Diem; Seize the day). Though, he encouraged his pupils to stand up for themselves, to be independent, he also pushed them away from conforming to the school’s policy. One boundless example of Mr Keating’s inspiration, through the way he teaches the boys, was when he told them to rip out the introduction page of the poetry books. As he wanted them to gain the ability to have their own response, to build their own belief of what poetry is all about. And throughout the movie, Mr Keating would constantly tell his students to ‘Seize the day!’ though, he meant to live life to the fullest, he did not theoretically mean to suicide. Unknowingly, Mr Keating taught his students, the opposite message he was trying to get to them. Overall, the majority of reasons for Neil’s suicide was caused by Mr Perry, though Mr Keating can also be blamed as he lacked of explanation in his inspirational words to the boys, if he had explained his theory properly to his students, then they would†™ve fully understood including the consequences it would bring. However, it is Mr Perry that has caused extreme destruction in Neil’s identity. Even from the start, Neil and his dad never had a proper father-and-son relationship. Mr Perry never gave Neil a chance to do something he wanted to do, instead he was eager of controlling his son’s life. He treated Neil like as if his son was imprisoned, no freedom, no choice and he was full of restrictions against his son.

On the feature of American slangs Essay

Abstract: With the development of the society, slang is accepted by more and more Americans. This thesis analyses features and functions of American slang. The author draws a conclusion that American slang reflects the cultural characteristics of Americans’ humor, informality, self-confidence, anti-authority, innovation consciousness and pursuit for time efficiency. Slang is a sort of informal language, the original purpose is to express vulgarly or use it as a jargon or cant. With the development of the modern American culture, the modern American slang has become a common linguistic phenomenon which is different from jargon and argot, spreading all over any aspects of life. In American English, slang is also one of the major parts in people’s life and can reflect the social life about civilian requirements and characteristics of language expression. According to accurate statistics, the daily American vocabulary is about 10000-20000 words, of which 10% about 2000 words are slangs, these slangs are frequently used in people’s daily life, with strong expression and abundant culture feature, therefore, only by having some certain knowledge on American slangs can we speak American English properly and natively. Here is what I am going to discuss on the characteristics of modern American slang, and the translation of American slang as well, so as to improve people’s understanding and the use of American slangs. The basic characteristics of modern American slang (a) informality The most significant feature is informality, which is the origin of the slang and nature of it. Because of the informal expression of American slang, moreover, comparing the American English with British English, the former is actually more flexible and informal. Therefore, it also determines the informality of American slang and makes it even more apparently. For instance: A:Excuse me. I have to catch some Zs. (Excuse me. I have to take a nap.) B:I thought you just woke up. Sleepyhead.(I thought you just woke up. You are lazy and sleepy.) In this example, a typical slang â€Å"catch some Zs† by the speaker means taking a nap, and â€Å"sleepyhead† means a person who loves sleeping, both of which are limited to oral English expression frequently, generally not used for formal expressions. In addition, common American slang expressions such as â€Å"kiss ass (sycophancy)†, â€Å"hit the road (set out)†, and â€Å"take a dump (defecate)† are typically informal. It is because of its obvious informality that Americans like advocating freedom of expressions in some light-hearted situations that need humorous atmosphere to ease embarrassing scene. Both politicians or ordinary people prefer using slangs to light up the atmosphere. (b) creativity America is a country that desires for freedom. In pursuit of innovation, people are unremitting to new things and new ideas, which creates a large number of novel American slang words and provide a perfect condition. Furthermore, one of the characteristics of American slang is innovative. American slangs always use the original or new words to reflect new things, new development and new concept. Like the word â€Å"jazz† , it was first used to express a kind of music in New Orleans. Along with the development of jazz, Americans soon produced â€Å"bop† (pop), â€Å"far – out† (fashion), â€Å"beat† , â€Å"cool† (modern), etc. Because of the style of jazz, the word â€Å"jazz† generates some new meanings, such as â€Å"exertion†, â€Å"cordiality†, â€Å"frenzy† and so on. The old American drug addicts created the slang nose candy, black stuff, shooting gallery referring to drug. The blacks create and use slang a lot, such as dog juices (cheap wine), cakewalk (a kind of hip-hop dance), breakdancing (break), etc. Since the 1980s, some modern terms have been popular among the young, such as â€Å"bag your faith (left)†, â€Å"big time (serious)†, â€Å"golden (women)†, â€Å"worms (ugly people)†. They are the creative use of the phrases from the slangs. The generation of slang is inseparable from the creative use of the original English vocabulary, and the creation of new words plays a vital role as well. The United States is a multi-national country with immigrants, and constantly the moving in immigrants creates new words, making the American slangs increase rapidly. All of these prove that American slang is innovative. (c)universality In American English, the use of slangs are very common. It has something to do with the pursuit of flexibility, innovation, humor in American English, also with the history of United States. In the history of the United States, â€Å"westward movement in the contemporary† formed the largest population flow, so that the regional dialect and the jargon from all classes including cant have been widely spread. Because the official does not emphasize on â€Å"literary language†, and has made few â€Å"language purification†, thus jargon and sayings which were constantly used , have formed today’s omnifarious slangs that Americans generally use. In the 20th century, American slangs had a development which progressed by leaps and bounds. During the two world wars, the Vietnam war, the Korean war, and the cold war period, a large quantity of slangs generated. Moreover, American social problems, such as racial discrimination, civil rights movement, family disintegr ation, sexual liberation, gay so on and so forth, much more American slangs have mushroomed. English slangs can be defined to common colloquial language, and according to the definition of the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (1985), slangs are frequently used as colloquial words and phrases. It cannot be taken as Standard-English, therefore this demonstrates that, slang is Nonstandard-English. Nevertheless, slangs are very popular among the English-speaking countries nowadays. Slangs are spoken by people in daily speech, and even magazine and literary works may find a large number of them. With the development of the society, slangs are widely used by more and more people, especially in America, slang can be found favorable in the Americans’ eyes. It is accepted by both upper-class and lower-class, and especially the college students who tend to use up-to-date words that form a kind of characteristic style of themselves. Slang plays an important part in American English. It is reported that slang accounts for one of the tenth of American average vocabulary. People’s attitude toward slang varies from person to person. Some think that slang cannot be used on the formal occasion, for it is spoken by the illiterate people only and the slang terms are so coarse. Some even think that slang is the filthy language, and advocate abandoning using it. However, others hold the opposite idea. They think that slang play an important role in English language, because of its fresh, lifelike, humor and adequate expressions. One must admit the undeniable fact that slang is spoken by more and more people. In modern times, if one is not familiar with American slang he or she could not capture the slang expressions in the movie and common fictions, and, what worse, one would 0make mistakes when they are talking with the Americans. An example will clarify the fact. A guide asks the tourist â€Å"anybody wants to take a leak?†(Does anybody want to go to the restroom?), and, of course, what the guide said would make the tourist surprise. It is the uneducated vulgarity of expression at all. Therefore, one should bear in mind that it is very important to study language in a sociocultural context; the language has existed in close contact with culture. Fro m the example one can know that misusing slang would result in misunderstanding in the communication. It can not tell others that one is good at English. It is not thus; moreover it shows that one just has half-back knowledge about slang. Americans speak colorful, idiomatic English that may have little resemblance to the language one studied in school. Even a native English speaker might be confused by the combination of slang that characterizes American conversation. So it is very important to capture the American slang expression in order to know others correctly. This thesis starts with the analysis of the cultural condition of American slang, and its purpose is to probe into the features of slang so as to bring the relationship between slang and society culture to light. â…  .American Slang is quite a controversial language, people have different attitude toward it. It is no wonder that the definition of slang is so variety. However, the slang terms have their own characters, and, of course, the definitions of it are more or less described in the same way. A. The Definition of Slang Slang is a rather special parole. It is neither the word that beyond the regular role of grammatical usage, nor rural dialect. Although it is quite different from acrolect which used on the formal occasion, people quite like to use it in daily speech. As a matter of fact, the meaning of most slang is similar to the words of colloquial style. Some consider one word is slang, while others might not think so. For example, the old may believe the word bike is slang, but the youth might not .Bicycle is trisyllabic, while bike is monosyllabic, it is so troublesome to pronounce the word with trisyllabic, and of course, the youth prefer to omit some other two syllables, and bike is spoken by the youth more often. To some certain slang, it is hard to tell the differences between slang and colloquial style. One of the definitions of it is, â€Å"the body of words and expression frequently used by or intelligible to a rather large portion of the general public, but not accepted as good; formal usage by the majority† (Flexner, 1975:3).

Strategic Management Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management Analysis - Assignment Example Virgin Holiday is a UK based company. It is also considered as one of the market leaders that arrange travel trips to the USA along with Caribbean. From the year 1985, the company is arranging the entire holiday travels and has customized the experiences of holiday all throughout the world. Besides the two places it also offers holiday packages to other places such as Canada, Australia, South Africa, Far East, Middle-East, Indian Ocean, New Zealand, and Mauritius. The prime objective of the company is to provide customers with best holiday destination so that they can take pleasure of the place (Virgin Holidays, 2011). 1.2 Brief Introduction of Package Holiday Sector The package holiday industry in the UK is one of the largest as well as fastest emerging industries. The industry provides various holiday destinations to the customers. Besides other kinds of holiday packages, the package holiday is also arranged which provides customers with numerous destinations both internationally a s well as nationally. In the package holiday industry, tour operators perform as ‘wholesalers’ as they are entitled to bargain with the travel agencies regarding the commission for selling to the customers (Rowe & Et. Al., 2002). 1.3 Reason of Choosing the Company Virgin Holidays has been chosen because it is the successful ‘transatlantic tour operator’. The company is much efficient to arrange holiday programs for the travellers as it is operating in the market since the year 1985. It also possesses excellent customer service with unique travel intelligence (Virgin Holidays, 2011). 2.0 Task A 2.1 PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis will analyse the political, social, economical, technological, environmental and legal factors that have impact on the package holiday industry in the UK. Political The political insecurity has an impact upon the selection of tourist destination of a traveller. The political conflicts in various countries have restricted the pac kage holiday destination for visitors. From the UK, trip towards Croatia and Serbia has seen improvement as the political situation has re-established, particularly in Croatia. The different political scenario in various countries may decrease the package holiday trips to the attractive destinations, which may result in low demand of the tourism packages in the UK (Philip Allan, n.d.). Economic The tourism industry has faced challenges due to the fluctuation of economy in the UK. The economy of the country is rising; as a result it will result in growth of the service industry such as tourism sector. The changes in the GDP rate and wage will have an impact on the tourism industry in the UK. In the UK the NMW (National Minimum Wage) rate is as follows: Rate (per Hour) Age ?5.93 Greater than 21 ?4.92 18 - 20 ?3.64 16 - 17 ?2.50 Apprentice under 19

Criminal Law in Hong Kong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Law in Hong Kong - Essay Example Secondly, duty to act arises from certain relationships, for example, parent/child, husband/wife and doctor/patient.2 Thirdly, duty to act when s/he is bound by contract to do so, they will be criminally liable if harm or injury arises from their omission even though the person harmed was not a party to the contract. We can support this with the case of Pittwood3; where D was contracted to open and close level-crossing gates to ensure people do not get run over by trains. His failure to do so caused the victim killed by a train. The legal principle of that case was said to be if a person under contract will be liable for the harmful consequences of his failure to perform his contractual obligations. The duty extends to those reasonably affected by the omission, not just the other party to the contract. What about situations which do not fall into the three categories I have mentioned above. The person at the scene has neither created the dangerous situation, nor there is a special re lationship between the two, and there is no contract bound on her/him to act. This can be illustrated in Stephen's Digest of the Criminal Law (fourth edition, 1887): A sees B drowning and is able to save him by holding out his hand. A abstains from doing so in order that B may be drowned, and B is drowned.4 The Criminal law's current position in Hong Kong is very unlikely to hold A liable for any criminal offence since the basic requirement of 'voluntary conduct' is not satisfied. But the main area that we are most interested in is whether the common law is too lenient on such people Good Samaritan Law has not yet existed in the Hong Kong's jurisdiction; someone who comes across another who is in distress might precluded from offering assistance for fear of having to endure a court proceeding. However, if that person does choose voluntarily to intervene to render assistance he will assume a duty of care towards the individual concerned.5 If gross negligence is found, s/he could be prosecuted criminally.6 Theoretically, the person who puts the victim in distress could also raise a defence of novus actus interveniens meaning the rescuer's negligent treatment has broken the chain of causation. But, practically, this plea is rarely successful against medical treatment as a matter of policy.7 I would assume someone who tries their best to save others in distress would be in the same position. In the United States and Canada (except Quebec), citizens are not obligated to rescue someone who is in distress, but if they choose to do so, the Good Samaritan Law protects rescuers from being blame.8 The Good Samaritan Law's existence is intended to reduce bystanders' hesitation to assist.9 However, Good Samaritan Laws in Quebec, as well as many other European countries such as Italy, Japan, France, Belgium, Andorra, and Spain require its citizen, at minimum to call the local emergency number, unless doing so would be harmful.10 In Germany, a citizen is obliged to provide first aid when necessary and is immune from prosecution if assistance given in good faith turns out to be harmful. Knowledge of first aid is a "must" before a citizen is given a driver's license. In conclusion, I feel that the common law is not too lenient on such people. Even if the law of Hong Kong compel its citizens to rescue whenever they see someone in distress, would this practically be effective as such Take the Stephen's example as I have

Presuasive Essay on the 2012 Republican vote Presidency

Presuasive on the 2012 Republican vote Presidency - Essay Example I know that the choice of republican candidate would dictate the next president of United States because President Obama has not delivered what I expected him to deliver to the United States. I have been evaluating the names of the presidential aspirants on the republican ticket. I am convinced that the choice that the republicans would make would change the political landscape of the nation. It is upon us, the republicans to evaluate the presidential candidates and give to the nation the best who will beat the incumbent President Obama. I believe foreign policy has an influence on the republican presidential candidate. Notable candidates that have good foreign policies are Gingrich and Huntsman. I have read about these two aspirants in articles and I was convinced that they have the best policies for United States. Foreign policy has affected the economy of the United States of America. These foreign policies have affected the lives of my family members and many other Americans. The involvement of America in Iraq has led to lose of millions of dollars in the name of rebuilding the war torn country. I believe that a republican candidate that has the best foreign policies would convince me and other republicans to cast a vote for him. A candidate like Newt Gingrich has a lot of knowledge in politics and I believe he makes the best candidate for the republican 2012 presidential candidate. The profile of Gingrich would convince every American to vote for him. Gingrich has served as university professor at University of West Georgia,a speaker in the House of Representatives and an author of several political articles (What’s New). I believe that a presidential candidate for the Republican Party must have adequate experience in the national affairs as well as international issues. It is not right for the republican to elect a candidate that is inexperienced in political issues. This might lead to a repeat of problems that Americans are

Uneven distribution of education through the conflict perspective Essay

Uneven distribution of education through the conflict perspective - Essay Example Education has been a crucial issue in several countries nowadays, especially for those with low literacy level. Its importance is seen in its outcomes, such as productivity, literacy, and poverty alleviation. A literate citizenship is a good source of engineers, economists, technologists, scientists, biologists, doctors, teachers, and so on, enough to produce infrastructures and improve the status of science and technology, medicine, and education itself. A low productivity due to lack of all mentioned places a country in a doom of poverty and economic insecurity. Development specialists recognize these outcomes, and provide information on how education may be better in poor countries in order to be richer. There is thus, a strong connection and a dialectical link between education and the economic security of a nation. This connection is seen in the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and France, which all keep a high record of literacy rate of 99 percent as compared to others t hat keep low literacy rates, such as Arab states (70.3 percent) Several nations are still keeping a low record of literacy level, particularly third world nations, despite the significant importance of education. Female literacy is also found to be lower than their male counterpart in these areas, indicating the pervasion of gender inequality in education and the traditional roles designated to women.... In Ethiopia, a low 24 percent is indicated for their rural areas, while 83 percent for the urban places. It is clear that education has a strong link to economic capacity of the people and nation. Poor children who are able to study experience a large discrepancy of educational opportunities than those from middle class and upper class families. The Comparison of inequality in education may be seen in the following: areas: Teacher allocation, budget allocation, availability of books, and educational facilities and infrastructures. These areas are reflective of social stratification that exists in education. Despite the already high literacy rates, the first world nations like the United States also exhibit a discrepancy in education between poor and rich neighborhoods and schools. Teacher Allocation There is a low quality of teachers in low-income schools in the United States, and at times when there is a short supply of teachers in almost all parts of the country, those who are provided with teachers with the least training and experience are the poorest schools (Hill, 2008). The richest ones get the reverse of this condition. Far less- qualified teachers are consistently provided to students in low-income and minority schools, while children in the wealthier neighborhoods are allocated with the reverse. It reflects the fundamental flaw in the allocation of teachers and funds to schools, whose allotment depends on whether they are poor or rich. Contributory to this scenario is the fact that senior teachers possess total freedom of choice in where to work and most of them choose the most attractive schools and neighborhoods with few difficulties, and demands on teachers are less severe (Hill, 2008). It leaves the new and

Geotechnical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geotechnical - Essay Example Geotechnical engineering uses the geophysical methods in measuring the physical properties on the earth sub surface. These methods have the potential of measuring the anomalies in the properties of soil to identify the position and the presence of minerals (Das and Sobhan, 2013). They involve applying physical methods in measuring the physical traits of rocks and soil thus detecting the physical differences between the rocks that have the hydrocarbons or ore deposits. This paper explores the different types of geophysics method and their use in geotechnical engineering. Electromagnetic induction (EM) involves a method that uses the induction principles in measuring the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. Different from the techniques of conventional resistivity, EM requires no contact in the ground. This eliminates the fast problems of electrical coupling allowing much acquisition of rapid data. Since the EM instruments give an easy and rapid collection of data, the instruments are always used as the tools of reconnaissance used in identifying the greatly detailed anomalies (Nobes, 2000). The induced electromagnetic pulse can be measured using the frequency domain meters and time domain meters. GPR (ground penetrating Radar is utilized in pinpointing the buried objects location and mapping and having stratigraphy mapped out. It gives the shallow subsurface cross-sectional measurements. The method has the ability of locating the nonmetal and metal objects. In many cases, data and profiles are recorded and the result is shown using the real time having the attached display unit of the computer. This results into a fast and easy field interpretation. More data interpretation could be done later (Nobes, 2000). The instruments of GPR have energy beamed into the ground from the antenna in the electromagnetic wave form. An energy position is reflected towards the antenna at the specific subsurface

Te Uku - wind farm project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Te Uku - wind farm project - Essay Example Networks that constructed the 33kV transmission line with a length of 25 kilometers in order to distribute electricity generated by the 28 wind turbines of the wind farm. Overall, the wind farm has a capacity of 64.4 MW coming from 28 turbines, with an average of 2.3MW of power from each turbine (Discover Te Uku, 2014). The Te Uku Wind Farm project in Waikato is very efficient in terms of energy production in supplying the area which it is supposed to supply with electrical power. Moreover, when it comes to sustainability, the assessment of environmental effects shows that the wind farm has mostly a neutral relationship with its surrounding flora, fauna and earth. However, in terms of its earthworks, the Te Uku Wind Farm project somehow falls short of some of the requirements of the RMA. Nevertheless, the company’s continued existence proves otherwise. Lastly, the economic value of the wind farm is that it has somehow provided so many jobs to workers. The Resource Management Act, or RMA, is the specific national policy or the aspect of the law that explains the laws that govern the establishment, maintenance and operations of certain projects, firms and infrastructures in New Zealand. Specifically, when it comes to the operation of wind turbines, wind farms do not actually qualify as â€Å"rural industries† because the term â€Å"rural industries† excludes the generation of electricity (Resource Management Act, 2007). Therefore, wind farms are known as a â€Å"Discretionary Activity† and may not comply with some of the standards of Permitted Activity as specified by the law (Resource Management Act, 2007). Nevertheless, the continuous operation of the Te Uku Wind Farm up to this day implies that its requirements as a discretionary activity have been complied with. The earthworks plans for the project have also been considered questionable by virtue of the provisions of the Resource Management Act, but the fact that the wind farm operates until now somehow

Discuss the rationale behind letters of credit with emphasis on the Essay

Discuss the rationale behind letters of credit with emphasis on the fundamental principles underlying these instruments. Critica - Essay Example Credit letters are used in cross border business transactions to make sure that payment will be received. The adoption of letters of credit has become extremely essential in cross border trade due to the nature of international dealings such as varying laws and difficulty in knowing each trade party personally. Additionally, the bank acts on buyer’s behalf by making sure that a seller will not receive payment pending the bank’s verification that goods have been dispatched. The parties to a letter of credit comprise of three or more persons. These are; the account party (importer/ applicant/ buyer), the issuing bank (the applicant bank) and the beneficiary (exporter/seller) (Gilles & Moens, 1998, p 395; DiMatteo, 2009, p 100). There exist contractual associations while using letters of credit in global business among the most essential parties, that is the issuing bank (one making payment of the applicant’s behalf), to the beneficiary, and the paying bank (in situ ations where there is a correspondent), the advising bank, as well as the confirming bank. Ideally, they are same bank but given different terms. As such, several contractual relationships are distinguishable. One is the contract between the applicant and the beneficiary. Two is the relationship between the applicant and the issuing bank. ... This is usually a letter drafted and signed by bank acting on the applicant’s behalf, addressed to the beneficiary. The applicant bank will agree to drafts under credit simply if the beneficially adheres to conditions set forth in the credit letter. The beneficiary is also requested to hand in certain deeds like commercial invoices and insurance papers in addition to the draft and other documents that may be specifically needed. The issuing banks acts on behalf of the buyer (applicant) in paying the beneficiary provided that all terms stipulated in the letter are adhered to (Ramlogan & Persadie, 2004, p 14). Source: Michigan law review, p 406 Documentary credit letters can be classified into: Transferable or non-transferable A beneficiary in the credit letter often maintains on an express term in the contract clarifying that the credit is â€Å"transferable†. The main upshot of a transferable letter of credit is that the seller (beneficiary) may request the designated b ank to transfer credit to the beneficiary’s supplier. However, the designated bank is under no legal obligation to transfer credit. The UCP affirms that a credit letter is transferable only if the contacts states so, the absence of which the beneficiary cannot insist that the designated bank to transfer credit (Moens & Jones, 2008, p 39). Revocable and irrevocable A revocable letter can be rescinded by the bank responsible for issuing at any time without preceding notice to the seller. The contract has to specifically state that a credit letter is revocable; otherwise it will be considered unalterable. A beneficiary seller in cross border transaction needs payment security, apparently not prepared to accept revocable letter of credit, since this would result

Miami International Airport Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Miami International Airport - Research Paper Example The airport is used by both passengers and cargo. The Miami-Dade Aviation Department operates the airport. Miami International Airport is the property of Miami-Dade county government. It is one of the busiest airports in the world and was founded in 1928. Miami International Airport is located on three thousand two hundred and thirty acres of land near downtown Miami. Its terminal is being expanded to more than seven million square feet through a capital improvement program which is scheduled for final completion in early 2014 (Peter, 2009). The high number of passengers and cargo that go through the airport tend to have political, social and economic impact. This is because of the trade between different countries and the exchange of ideas and work force between different countries. Like many airports around the world, there are social amenities at the airport that contribute to the economy an example being the Miami International Airport Hotel. Apart from being a place where tourists and other passengers can check in for a rest, it highly contributes to the economy of the country and also helps in maintaining the airports standard (Didion, 1998). The economic impact is not only in the amount of revenue generated but also in the number of jobs created. Miami International Airport and the General Aviation Airports have an annual economic impact of thirty two point eight billion U.S dollars. The airport and other related aviation industries contribute a total of two hundred and seventy two thousand three hundred and ninety five jobs directly and indirectly to the local economy. This means that the airport creates one out of every four jobs. The activities that go on daily at the airport have contributed to its economic impact (Peter, 2009). Among U.S Airports, it is ranked the first in international freight, second in international passengers, third in total freight, third in

Chocolate Market Essay Example for Free

Chocolate Market Essay Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Chocolate Confectionery industry in United Kingdom with research from Euromonitors team of in-country analysts. Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections. If youre in the Chocolate Confectionery industry in United Kingdom, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions. The Chocolate Confectionery in United Kingdom market research report includes: * Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends * Detailed segmentation of international and local products * Historic volumes and values, company and brand market shares * Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth * Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country Our market research reports answer questions such as: * What is the market size of Chocolate Confectionery in United Kingdom? * What are the major brands in United Kingdom? * What are market opportunities for health and wellness minded dark chocolate? * What are market opportunities for ethically sourced chocolate? * How might increasingly volatile cocoa bean commodity prices impact retail prices and sales performance? Sample Analysis * Chocolate confectionery sales are expected to grow by 6% in value and 1% in volume terms in 2011. The industry continues to be affected by food price inflation that includes rising prices for ingredients such as cocoa, milk and sugar. The value growth for the category stems mainly from unit price increases of 5% to  £8.80 per kg. The unrest in the Ivory Coast is also seen as a reason for fluctuating cocoa prices; however other sources such as Ghana tend to compensate for supply deficiency from the Ivory Coast. * Cadbury UK Ltd continued to lead chocolate confectionery in 2010, accounting for 31% of value sales. The acquisition by Kraft Foods Inc, in February 2010, did not seem to hinder retail sales of Cadbury UK Ltd’s brands. In September 2010, the company announced the launch of Cadbury Dairy Milk Bliss. The new chocolate is a tablet targeted at women. The launch was supported by a  £2.2 million advertising campaign. The company also continued its revamp of old favourites to maintain the retro trend it started with the revival of Wispa. It repackaged its Starbar and Picnic countlines in November 2010. The company trialled cardboard boxes for its Cadbury’s Roses during Christmas 2010; however it has confirmed that it is not going to revamp the packaging fully to cardboard as tin boxes for Cadbury’s Roses are seen as a Christmas tradition. * Chocolate confectionery is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 4% in constant value terms and 1% in volume terms over the forecast period. Consumers will continue to eat chocolate confectionery products as a treat and will choose chocolate to indulge. With both the government and consumers cautious about obesity in the UK, low calories and portion-controlled offerings will be welcomed by the marketplace.

Implementing Technology in Mental Health Practice

Implementing Technology in Mental Health Practice Introduction People wish to live a meaningful life even while suffering from mental health problems. Adam Clifford, a clinical nurse specialist at Nottinghamshire Healthcare, wrote Using Video Technology to Manage Mental Health for Learning Disability Practice, he states that forty percent of the population has additional mental health problems. Majority of this forty percent is embarrassed or uncomfortable in accessing mental health care (2014). In A Rural Youth Consumer Perspective of Technology to Enhance Face-to-Face Mental Health Services from Journal Of Child & Family Studies written by Simone Orlowski who is affiliated with Flinders Human Behavior & Health Research Unit at Flinders University, explains that mental health treatment that is aimed towards anxiety and depression is based on four main functions; information provision, screening, assessment, and monitoring (Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Implementing technology in health c are services can offer advantages and disadvantages for people with mental health issues. Technology will positively impact mental health care services, by making it more accessible for people with limited financial flexibility and transportation, young adults with mental illnesses will feel more comfortable seeking help or advice, and it will give a better and more accurate experience for both the patient and professional. Limited financial flexibility and availability of transport: Mental health care support is a vital aid which is not accessible to some people because of financial costs and transportation needs. The promise and the reality: a mental health workforce perspective on technology-enhanced youth mental health service delivery, an article written by Simone Orlowski from BMC Health Services Research, states thattechnology will make mental health services more accessible for young adults who have limited financial flexibility or do not have means of transport (2016). The combination of limited financial and transportation aid gives restricted opportunities for mental health care services not located at home. Recent developments from using online resources and mobile technologies to support mental health care has shown improvement for people with restricted financial and transportation support. Turvey, C. L, Head of the Department of Psychiatry at Carver College of Medicine wrote Recent developments in the use of online resources and mobile technologies to support mental health care for the International Review Of Psychiatry, he suggests house based health-related mobile applications and web-based electronic mental health problems as solutions for people who have limited transportation and financials (Roberts, L. J. 2015). Young adults feel uncomfortable seeking help or advice: 20% of young Australians between the ages of fifteen to nineteen suffer from the symptoms of mental illness and 60% of those teens are uncomfortable seeking help or advice for their mental illness (Orlowski. S, 2016). A Rural Youth Consumer Perspective of Technology to Enhance Face-to-Face Mental Health Services written by Sharon Lawn, the director of the Flinders Human Behaviour and Health Research Unit at Flinders University, expresses that the increase in percentage of teens who feel uncomfortable asking for help decreases engagement for youth towards mental health services, technology can increase engagement by using similar methods used in teen’s day to day life (Journal Of Child & Family Studies. Orlowski, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Young adults constantly use their cellphones and always have them by their side, Turvey from The International Review of Psychiatry states the proposition given for mobile apps in mental health is based on the ideal that they will always be with the patient. If the mobile device with the app is with them all the time it can help promote their clinical goals for example a person with a chronic psychotic disorder would get a notification at medication time. Mild to moderate depression and anxiety can be treated through another method of self-guided or professional facilitated therapies that are delivered via internet. Lastly, the part that would appeal most to young adults is that patients can use these applications and programs in private with no interactions with professionals (Turvey, C. L., Roberts, L. J. 2015). Better experience for patient and the professional Implementing technology can improve the experience for both the patient and professional. Technology can give a more accurate treatment without completely replacing face to face interactions. It can be implemented through predictive analytics, increased consumer input, self-management, and inclusive stakeholder communication, these reasons for implementing technology into mental health services are under researched (Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Extra sensory perception an article from Scientific American written by Gershon Dublon, a Ph.D. student at the M.I.T. media lab and Joseph A. Paradiso, an associate professor of media arts and sciences at the Media Lab from the stimulus packet helps piece together how technology will help mental health care services. Different sensors described by Dublon and Paradiso will change how comfortable patients feel in an environment or how professionals can give the patient a better experience. Temperature sensors can determine the temperature and relative humidity in the room as measure by dense sensor network. Sound sensors will help a patient recognize the movement and sound in a room, so it can be adjusted to their preference. Overall, the temperature and sound sensors will give the professional and patient better control of the environment. The data collected by these sensors can be used as references in the future to experience data from the past in multiple perspectives. Guarav Singh, head of the department of psychiatry at the Medical College Hospital and Research Center in Uttar Pradesh, India, wrote Use of Mobile Phone Technology to Improve follow-up at a Community Mental Health Clinic: A Randomized Control Trial published by Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, in this article he emits the fact that missed appointments are common in outpatient care for mental health-care services. Even with the need of further treatment 16-60% will not follow up with their appointments. The suggested method for improving follow up in outpatient care is through short message service (SMS) and voice calls via telephone. Counter-argument The mental health workforce fears that technology will have a negative effect on their services believes that it will disclose privacy and confidentiality from issues within the technology programs (Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Technology is believed to increase the workload for professionals and uphold disengagement from face-to-face therapy. Relating to the idea of face-to-face therapy, in The Historian as Participant from The Historian and the World of the Twentieth Century written by Arthur Schlesinger Jr. was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual, eyewitness history is considered valuable for historians. In this situation eyewitness history and face-to-face therapy hold a connection in the importance of how eyewitnesses can more accurately identify critical factors in the process of these events. Eyewitness history holds a different perspective to history, it shows the way people think and feel. When implementing technology into mental health care services and decreasing the amount of face-to-face contact, the input of emotions given by the professional is eliminated. Solution The implementation of technology can be approached from different angles such as implementation programs for mental health care services. Simone Orlowski states that most technology solutions include mental health self-help programs which are more independent for the participant. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy interventions (iCBT’s) which treats mild to moderate mental health problems such as depression and anxiety or mobile apps for self-management and self-treatment which will help limit interactions with health professionals to little or none. People with more severe cases of mental problems will struggle with self-help programs and will need to consult with professionals. Telepscychiatry which is meant for more severe cases that would require input from professionals via video conferences. Telepscychiatry can allow patients with limited financial abilities and limited technology availability to obtain therapy affordable to them (Lawn, S., Matthews, B., Venning, A., Wyld, K., Jones, G., & Bidargaddi, N. 2016). People in programs like Telepscychiatry are limited to the variety of mental health professionals available for face-to-face therapy. Mobile apps are one of the aforementioned solutions for mental health care services. The functions supported by mobile apps, online health programs, or personal health records overlap in information and abilities. The three technological programs give standard mental health scales or electronic messages reminders to promote health behavior. Mobile apps are the preferred program which offer functions such as targeted educational content, structured mental health assessments, symptom or behavior logs, and context sensing or unobtrusive monitoring (Turvey, C. L., & Roberts, L. J. 2015). Conclusion Technology will improve mental health care services for young adults who feel uncomfortable seeking help, people with constrained financial and transporting utilities, and it will improve the course of treatment for both patient and professional.The mental health workforce is opposed to the implementation of technology because complications in patient confidentiality and privacy. Technology self-help programs via internet and mobile apps will be available for people suffering from depression, anxiety, and other conditions. Telepscychiatry will be available for people who cannot benefit from self-help programs. The limitations to these solutions are the level the patients conditions and the decreased expertise of professionals that only work with face-to-face patients. The implementation of these programs with their limitations will improve mental health care services, but not completely rewire how it works. References Clifford, A. (2014). Using video technology to manage mental health. Learning Disability Practice, 17(7), 24-28. Dublon, G., & Paradiso, J. A. (2014, July). Extra sensory perception. Scientific American, 38-41. Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Matthews, B., Venning, A., Wyld, K., Jones, G., & Bidargaddi, N.   (2016). The promise and the reality: a mental health workforce perspective on technology-enhanced youth mental health service delivery. BMC Health Services Research, 161-12. doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1790-y Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. (2016). A Rural Youth Consumer Perspective of Technology to Enhance Face-to-Face Mental Health Services. Journal Of Child & Family Studies, 25(10), 3066-3075. doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0472-z Schlesinger, A., Jr. (1971). The historian as participant. In J. Grenville (Author), The historian and the world of the twentieth century (Spring ed., Vol. 100, pp. 339-358). Singh, G., Manjunatha, N., Rao, S., Shashidhara, H. N., Moirangthem, S., Madegowda, R.   K., & Varghese, M. (2017). Use of Mobile Phone Technology to Improve follow-up at a Community Mental Health Clinic: A Randomized Control Trial. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine, 39(3), 276-280. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.207325 Turvey, C. L., & Roberts, L. J. (2015). Recent developments in the use of online resources and mobile technologies to support mental health care. International Review of Psychiatry, 27(6), 547-557. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1087975

What Is The Blue Ocean Strategy Commerce Essay

What Is The Blue Ocean Strategy Commerce Essay Blue ocean strategy makes companies to come out of ocean of bloody competition by creating market space which is uncontested and that makes the completion irrelevant. Since, dividing up existing demand and benchmarking the competitors, Blue Ocean strategy is regarding grow demand and break away from the competition. The business universe can be thought as a composition of two kinds of oceans the first is the red ocean and second one is the blue ocean. Red ocean includes all the industries which exist today and it is about the known market space. But on the other side Blue Ocean can be considered as industries which are not in existing today and it is called unknown market space. The industries boundaries are defined and well accepted in the red oceans. In the red oceans the rules of competitive games are well defined. The companies try to take away the greater share of the existing demand. Because there is a cut throat competition that makes the red ocean bloody and products become c ommodities. Blue oceans and Red oceans Blue Ocean can be considered as a fact of the demand creation, untapped market space and greater opportunities of highly profitable growth. Some industries can be created well beyond of the existing industries. But most of the blue oceans are created from the within the red oceans by expanding the industry boundaries which are existing. Since, rules of the game are to be set so competition becomes irrelevant in the blue oceans. Red oceans will always be taken as a matter of business life. When supply exceeds the demand in more industries then the competition for contracting demand will not result in to sustain high performance. Companies will have to go beyond the competition. They will have to create blue oceans to make more profit and growth opportunities. The most focus of strategy work has been on the competition based red ocean strategies in the recent times. But it provided the fairly good understanding about skill of how to compete in competitive environment from analyzing the economic structure of the existing industry. It also helped in making a choice between strategic positions of differentiation or low cost or focus, to benchmark the competition. Strategy followed over the time period This term blue oceans may be new but their existence is not new at all. These are an important feature of business life, past and present. If we look back 100 years and ask ourselves, How many of todays industries were not existing then? Probably the answer can be seen as many industries as basic as petrochemicals, music recording, automobiles, aviation, management consulting and health care, were unheard of or had just started to evolve at that time. If we look back only 30 years then again we see, a multibillion-dollar industries came out like cell phones, mutual funds, biotechnology, gas-fired electricity plants, express package delivery, minivans discount retail, , snowboards, home videos, coffee bars and many more. If we take and try to see just three decades ago, not one of those industries was existing in a significant way. Now we see forward twenty years or perhaps fifty years and ask ourselves how many now unknown industries will likely exist then. If we go by seeing the history as a tool to predict the future, then again the answer is many of them. Some aspects considered to follow this strategy This is the reality that industries never become constant. Industries continuously keep evolving. The some operations related to industries improve, markets get expanded, and players enter and exit as the time passes. This is the fact that history gives us lessons that we have a great underestimated capability and capacity to create new industries and re-create the existing ones. The services sector which were under the old system, for example, now have been expanded into seven business sectors ranging from information to health care and social assistance. As given that these systems are designed for standardization and continuity, such a replacement shows how important the expansion of blue oceans has been. As we have noticed that the overriding focus of strategic thinking has been on competition based red ocean strategies. Creating blue ocean impact It can be quantified the impact of creating blue oceans on a firms growth in terms of both revenues and profits based on the studied data. It has been found that 86% of the new launches were extensions in the line that can be said as incremental improvements within the red ocean of known market space and those accounted for mere 62% of total revenues and mere 39% of total profits. The rest 14% of the launches were targeted at creating blue oceans and they created 38% of total revenues and 61% of total profits. Forces behind the blue ocean strategy The several driving forces are working behind a rising trend to create blue oceans. The advancements in technology have significantly has improved productivity of industry and made suppliers to produce the maximum possible array of products and services. This resulted in increment in the numbers of industries and supply exceeded demand. This followed trend toward globalization accelerated the situation. The trade barriers between nations and regions are becoming lenient and as the information regarding products and prices become instantly, easily and globally available, the niche markets and chances for monopoly continuously keep disappearing. Although supply is keep on rising as global competition increasing, and it is not providing clear evidence that of an increment in demand worldwide, and statistics or data even pointing towards to declining populations in many developed markets. This has been resulted in increased commoditization of products and services, intensified price wars , and contracting profit margins. Blue ocean help in creating brand For the major services and products categories, brands are normally becoming somewhat similar, and since they are appearing more similar people usually select those products based on price. The customers no longer say and firmly ask, as they insisted in the past, that their laundry detergent be Tide. Because of the overcrowded industries, differentiating brands are appearing harder in both economic downturns and upturns. This shows that the business surrounding environment in which various strategy and management practices of the 20th century evolved that time is now disappearing. Since, red oceans are becoming consistently bloody, management will have to be more concerned with blue oceans. Strategy helps in separating winners from losers The thing that makes the winners separate from losers in creating blue oceans was their strategy. Moreover, the companies running in the red oceans went by a approach which is conventional and going to beat the competition by building a safer condition and position within the industry existed. Those firm or creators of blue oceans, amazingly, did not take the competition as their benchmark. But they implemented a unique and different strategic logic that can be considered as value innovation. Value innovation important for this strategy This Value innovation can be taken as one of the important concerns in blue ocean strategy. It is called value innovation since in place of focusing on cope with the competition, the firms try to make the competition irrelevant by creating and achieving value for buyers( customers) and the company, so looking up new market space which is uncontested. This value innovation focuses equal importance on value and innovation. The values without innovation try to focus on value creation on the incremental scale, something which improves value but is not enough to make you sustain in the marketplace. Innovation without value will be technology-driven, market pioneering, or futuristic, most of the times shooting beyond what buyers or customers are ready to accept and pay for. It is essential to have better understanding that shows distinction between value innovation as opposed to innovation in technology and market pioneering. It makes clear that what separates winners from the losers in cr eating blue oceans is neither bleeding edge technology nor market entry timing. It has been seen that sometimes it exists but most of the time it does not. The value innovation takes place only when the companies bring innovation with cost positions, utility and price. The value innovation is a new and different way of thinking about and executing the strategy that results into the creation of a blue ocean and a come away from the competition. It is generally believed that firms or companies can either create intensified value to customers at a comparatively higher cost or can create reasonable value at a lower cost. Here it can be said that strategy is seen as selecting a choice between differentiation and low cost. But those that want to create blue oceans follow differentiation and low cost simultaneously. Other strategies related to blue ocean strategy The creation of blue oceans is about bringing costs down while simultaneously taking value up for buyers. This shows that how a leap in value for both the company and its buyers is achieved. Since, buyer value is created from the utility and price that the companies offer to buyers and because the value to the company is created from price and its cost structure, value innovation can be achieved only when the whole system of the firm or companys price, utility and cost activities is properly and effectively matched. This represents the whole-system approach that makes the creation of blue oceans a sustainable and effective strategy. Blue ocean strategy includes the range of a companys functional and operational tasks or activities. On the other side innovations such as production innovations can be get at the subsystem level without affecting the firms overall strategy. The value innovation is not only innovation but it is more than innovation. It describes strategy that integrates t he entire or whole system of a firms activities and tasks. Conclusion Blue ocean strategy describes that it is all about to reconstruct boundaries of market to break away from the competition and create blue oceans. This highlights the search risk that many companies struggle with. The primary challenge is to successfully and effectively identify, out of the haystack of possibilities that exist, commercially compelling blue ocean opportunities.

The Pure Voice in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay -- Tess of t

The Pure Voice in Tess of the D'Urbervilles      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Hardy often alludes to his heroine as the "soft and silent Tess."   "Soft" certainly insinuates her beauty, which Harrtainly insinuates her beauty, which Hardy stresses as her downfall.   However, it seems that Tess's silence is the all-pervading reason for her tragedies.   "The two men she encounters in her life steal her voice: one with violence, the other with his own language"(Jacobus 47).   Tess struggles with the damage that these men cause until redeeming herself through innocence.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hardy, in his portrayal of Tess as "The Maiden," begins with the May Day Dance, where Tess has yet to develop her beauty but wears a red ribbon in her hair, the only girl to do so in the train of "white-frocked maids."   The ribbon signifies what she has that the other girls do not: an inner beauty which will win her-much against her will-the affections of men.   At the sight of her father singing on his way home, the other girls begin to giggle; Tess reprimands them harshly, saying, "Look here; I won't walk another inch with you if you say any jokes about him!"   Herokes about him!"   Her verbal aggressiveness causes the onlookers to follow her wishes.   This is one of the examples of how the maiden Tess was not silent. It also follows that when the fellows that danced with her "became fierce, she rebuked them."   She had no problem saying her mind and sticking to it in this phase.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tess's conversation with her brother, Abraham, takes place during their midnight ride to deliver hives for her father.   They talk on and on about the stars and the belief that Tess holds that our star is "a blighted one."   Soon Abraham brings up the future planned for Tess, that she ... ... Ed. Charles P. C. Pettit New York: St. Martin's, 1994. 16-40. ---. Tess of the d'Urbervilles: Unorthodox Beauty. New York: Twayne, 1992. Chapman, Raymond. " 'Good Faith, You do Talk!': Some Features of Hardy's Dialogue." New Perspectives on Thomas Hardy. Ed. Charles P. C. Pettit. New York: St. Martin's, 1994. 117-36. Hall, Donald. Afterward. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. By Thomas Hardy. New York: Signet, 1980. 417-27. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. 1891. New York: Signet Classic, 1980.   Jacobus, Mary. "Tess: the Making of a Pure Woman." Thomas Hardy's   Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea   House Publications, 1987. 45-60. Mickelson, Anne Z. Thomas Hardy's Women and Men: The Defeat of Nature. Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1976. Weissman, Judith. Half Savage and Hardy and Free. Middletown: Wesleyan UP, 1987.   

Christianity Essay -- essays research papers fc

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism: Perspective on Fasting One of the longest established disciplines of the human body is that of fasting. Fasting is abstaining from food, drink, sleep or sex to focus on a period of spiritual growth(www.alinaam.org.za).Fasting has also been used in nearly every religion in the world, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Many of history's great spiritual leaders fasted for mental and spiritual clarity, including Jesus, Buddha, and Mohammed. Fasting is an important element in religious practices. Christian Perspective Nowhere in the New Testament is fasting commanded as a binding obligation upon the Christian. However, if one elects to fast it should be nothing less than drawing nearer to God. Even though fasting is not commanded that doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that fasting isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t recommended as a part of a Christianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s spiritual growth. Fasting is very important in Christianity. Jesus fasted for 40 days and nights. The Book of Acts records believersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fasting before they made important decisions (Act 13:4, 14:23). Fasting and prayer are often linked together (Luke 2: 37; 5:33). Although fasting in Scriptures is almost always a fasting from food; there are other ways to fast. Anything you can temporarily give up in order to better focus on God can be considered a fast (1 Cor. 7:1-5). Fasting should be limited to a set time, especially when the fasting is food. The occasions for a fast is total voluntary. Christians fast for different reasons. They fast during difficult times, to express sorrow or regret for sin or to seek guidance from God. Christian also fast to communicate emotion to God. Christian fasting is more than denying he or herself food or something else of the flesh à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a sacrificial lifestyle before God. In Isaiah 58, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“true fastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is not just a one-time act of humility and denial before God; it is a lifestyle of servant ministry to others. Isaiah tells us, fasting encourages humility, loosens the chains of injustice, unties the chords of the yoke, frees the oppressed, feeds the hungry, provides for the poor, and clothes the naked. (Isaiah 58: 1-9). The concept of Christian fasting isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t a one-day thing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a lifestyle of servant living for God and others. Jewish Perspective Fasting is a part of the Jewish tradition. Fasting was instituted in Biblical times as a sign of morning, or when... ...d Judaism rely heavily upon law for fasting. They have major fasts based on the Holy Quà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ran and the Torah. Christian fasts are not restricted to commands from the Bible. As a matter of fact, fasting is not required at all. They are encouraged to fast for spiritual growth. If Christians decide to fast, they have individual freedom to choose when and how they fast. Unlike Christians, Muslims and Jews have to fast completely from food. Christians have a choice to fast from whatever keeps them from focusing on God. Even though Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have different perspective on fasting, they all have a common goal to get closer to God. No matter how a fast is carried out, one should never lose sight of the main goal of fasting. Fasting provides an environment for a deeper spiritual life. Bibliography http://www.aish.com Retrieved February 20, 2005. http://www.alinaam.org.za/ramadhaan/freligions.htm Retrieved February 20, 2005. Fisher, Mary Pat (2002). Living Religions, Fifth Edition Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. The Holy Bible, New International Version Grand Rapids, Michigan 1973. http://www.islamworld.net / Retrieved February 26, 2005.

Measuring Quality Health Care

{draw:g} {draw:g} {draw:g} Why is a patient the most important thing when it comes to healthcare? Without a patient, there would be no healthcare. What do patients look for when it comes to getting care they need? I feel that cost is one thing, but the most important thing a patient wants is quality care. A positive patient outcome is one of the measures of quality health care. Additionally, health care workers have many roles when determining quality care. The main factor to a positive patient outcome is providing the patient with the best care that can be given. This includes what ever it takes medically to keep this person healthy. Many people are denied certain medical procedures due to the insurance company not providing the payment. Therefore, the billing clerk should try and see if there is a charity that is available or set up a payment plan. This is another approach that I feel is necessary in providing a positive patient outcome and quality care, watch for medical errors. Why? According to Stevens, there are over 50,000 people that die every year in a hospital or healthcare institution due to a medical error. Training employees and having an administrator over parts of the facility would help improve on errors. Training is the key to the problem. If an employee gets adequate training, then there is less of a chance for a mistake. Roles that health care workers have when determining quality care vary. The main role is assessing the patient, diagnose, monitor, observe treatments, and respond to changes. Other roles that are played if the patient is at home are making sure the patient is in a safe environment, communication with all parties involved, making sure the patient is eating and drinking well, keeping an eye out for changes, and make sure the patient is using proper hygiene. Measuring quality care is important for the patient as well as the facility. Without the patient, there is no facility. Keeping a patient happy, comfortable and healthy is important. There are many different roles provided by health care workers that are involved in a patient’s care, depending on the care the patient needs. The main thing is a positive patient outcome. What makes something positive? A positive health care worker makes a big influence on a positive outcome. References: Stevens, A. (2008) http://blog. sunbeltstaffing. com/medical-ethics/what-role-do-healthcare-worker

History 1302 Note

* In the reconstructive memory relation back required the rotaryting up of pertly verbalize political science for a mo time. * The 14th am demisement stipulated that no conjure sh only deprive any person of life, indecency or property, with out(a) due process of laws or deny to any person in fightfaredly its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws * show 4th 1689 Former nitty-gritty oecumenical Ulysses S.Grant, a re guinea pigan, took office as the eighteenth electric ch mien of the US, having campaigned on the slogan let us have peace * Alaska had been purchased deep in 1867, for Tsar alexander II of Russia for $7. 2 million * The purchased of Alaska had been criticized as Sewards Folly in ridicule of repository of demesne William Henry Seward beca part of a habitual view that Alaska was a cold orbit of little economical value invite out for fur and fishing. * January, 1870 thatt D. careenefeller incorporated the measuring stick Oil Company in Clevela nd, Ohio * at bottom 5 age model oil fibery controlled kerosene refineries in radical york, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, and talking over kerosene market terminal and distri ex incitelyors * folk 4th, 1872 naked as a jaybirdborn York urban centers Sun rude(a)spaper capable the Credit Mobilier scandal * Massachu institutets spokesperson Oakes Ames, together with director of the marriage ceremony Pacific hale, had organize a construction company which received self-aggrandizing government contr corresponds * Further much, example Ames had distri to a greater extentovered shares of the company to other relation back soldiery, to official in the cabinet, and to Vice chairman Schuyler Colfax * Till 1920 the legal age of the US population was eng hoary in agriculture * Farmers and elected candidates for office favour the mintage of silver, because whatsoever thought banks and financiers in the northwest manipulated the price of lucky * swear out 4th 1874 c hair Grant began his bite term serve 11th, 1874 The Wisconsin legislature passed the monkey law, which imposed earth ruler of railroad freight place * It was call a Granger law, because a sod potters association g gradeing in importance, the theme Grange of the patrons of husbandry, called the Grange for short, had been pushing for government regulation of rail road freight rates * In 1874 what has been called home-rule, the solid atomic number 16, and the new-made sec was happening instead of boycotting the retrace resign government, whites began voter turnout in large occurs again, turning out rug baggers, scalawags, and radical re worldly concernans and replacing them with Democrats * The dis copey of gold and silver had been a major modus operandior in drawing spate from the tocopherol half of the U. S to California in 1849,, to Colorado and Nevada in 1859, and to south Dakota in 1875 * On the seventh ballot, it nominate Ohio governor Ruther Ford B. Hayes for electric chair * June twenty- half-dozenth 1876 in the battle of little bighorn, 265 cavalry under the command of Lt. Colonel George A. Custer were killed while prosecute the Sioux in Montana territory * January 16th, 1883 telling passed a elegant service constitute introduced by senator George H.Pendleton of Ohio, the Pendleton civil service rejuvenate play, which set up a collar member management to oversee take hold of exams for 14000 case jobs, to which chair chars could add in the future. * February, 1883 The senate formalise a p behave of friendship and job amongst the US and Korea * ring 3,1886 Grover Cleveland a democrat took office as chairwoman * February 4, 1887 sex act passed the interstate traffic act, which for visitden railroads from discriminating among shippers, prohibited railroads from fixing prices, prohibited railroads from forming pools to divvy traffic among themselves and classical the formation of a electric chairially appointed vol t members interstate commerce commission to regulate rates. On April 22 1889 chair Harrison officially well-defineded pull up stakes of Indian territory to settlement * July 2, 1890 social intercourse passed the Sherman antitrust act * The Sherman antitrust act outlawed Rockefeller-like trust, in which shares of timeworn were fill ind for certificates, and it outlawed other combinations and conspiracies which sboulder clay interstate commerce and unconnected pot * On May 19,1891, members of the farmer alliances and advertize unions meeting in a regulation in Cincinnati , Ohio, formed a new peoples or democrat party * July 2, 1982 The saucily organized democrat party in Omaha, Nebraska, and nominated a recently defeated greenback party Iowa coitionman, James B. Weaver, for chairperson * The broadcast of the populist party called for government ownership of railroads, granulate storage facilities, telegraph linages, and telephone line. * It called for the coinage of silver * It called for a graduated income appraise * It called for popular choice of US senators * It called for the arcanum ballot Test 2 parentage * February 18th 1898 a US battlewagon Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba * subsequentlywardwards remember the Maine became a slogan of some the farmingsn who blames Spain for the explosion and wanted go to war * April 25th congress reserve war on Spain * On July 1 2, 1898, US infantry under gen. Hamilton S.Hawkins took San Joan knoll to the east of Santiago * Nearby, Colonel ( and recent retainer secretary of the navy blue ) Theodore Roosevelt, on horse-back, ill up Kettle Hill, followed by the 9th and tenth African the defersn regiment, on fore * February 6th,1899 the US senate ratified the formal accordance ending the Spanish American war, the accordance of Paris is which Puerto Rico became US pos posing, the US phelp Spain 20 one thousand thousand for the Philippines and the independence of Cuba was recognize d * kinsfolk 6th,1899, secretary of state John Hay proposed to Britain, Germany, and Russia an open opening insurance insurance for mainland china Chinese ports be opened to the trade of all nations * During the 1900 resource campaign, both the elective professorshipial candidates William Jennings Bryan, and the republican vice-president candidate Theodore Roosevelt, onrushed trust monopoly * December 2nd, 1901 chair Roosevelt asserted in his first one- class message to congress, the government should have the practiced to inspect and examine the releaseings of the bang-up corporations engaged in interstate business. * June 17th,1902 congress passed the reinvigoratedlands reclamation act, authorizing the president to set deflection more land for discipline put * In august, 1902, president Roosevelt travelled through natural England and the Midwest speaking out against abuses of trust, meaning, in the use if the time, monopolies. * chairman Roosevelt conspired wi th the cause chief engineer of the French construction of a canal crossways the Isthmus of Panama, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, in organizing a whirling against Columbia * On November 3rd,1903, a ascension against Columbia stony-broke out in waterman city with arm distributed by the city fire department * Marines from common chord US hips prevented Colombian marchs from grasp Panama city * November 6th,1903 secretary of the state john hay recognized the newly established boorish of Panama * bunt 14th,1904 the supreme court decided against the northerly securities company in the Sherman antitrust cocktail dress that the Roosevelt administration had brought against the company in 1902 and uniform the dissolution of the company * November 8th, 1904 president Roosevelt win the presidential election, to whom, some historians have asserted, a large percentage of growing urban white-collar vote went. * December 6th, 1904 in his annual message to congress, Roosevelt introduced the Roosevelt the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe doctrine the US may act as an multi field of study police power in the western sandwich hemisphere when chronic wrong doing arises. June 4th, 1906 president Roosevelt re rentingd the Reynolds and nulls report, which confirmed unhealthy conditions in meatpacking * June 30th,1906 congress passed the pure food and dose act, which was aimed at mislabeling and adulteration of food, and, on, the same twenty-four hours, congress also passed the meat inspection act * During 1907 president Roosevelt set aside five theme parks, sixsometeen national monuments, and fifty dollar institutionalize one wildlife sanctuaries * June 8th, 1908 afterwards the national conservation congress, president Roosevelt appointed a national conservation commission to inventory the countrys natural resources * appalling, 1910 during a 16 state tour condition president Theodore Roosevelt proposed regulation of corporate involvement in politics, a graduated income appraise, inheritance taxes, national official labor regulations, conservation, and a tariff commissionall of which were called new nationalism or square deal * June 22nd, 1912 when the republican national gathering was adjourning in Chicago, republicans who wanted to actuate Theodore Roosevelt again for president, instead of Taft, met at a nonher(prenominal) location in Chicago and formed the progressive party, which was also called the Bull elk Party * December 23rd, 1913 president Wilson subscribe the Glass-Owens Federal reserve bout, which would go into incumbrance in November, 1914, reach up the federal reserve system of twelve regional bankers banks connected to national banks and optionally to state banks * A presidentially appointed board of governors set spare-time activity discount rates on loans to member banks * April 6th, 1917 congress declared war on Germany * January 1st, 1920 the Red Scared began with US attorney general A.Mitchell palmers conveyan ce of 500 resident Russians and arrest of more than 6000 other people, most of whom were released afterward * On June 8-12, 1920, the republican national assembly met in Chicago and nominated a tobacco chewing, poker playing, whiskey drinking senator of Ohio, rabbit warren G. Harding, for president and governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts for Vice-president * Harding was remembered specially for the following line made in a wrangle a month forwards the republican convention Americas need is not heroics, but healing, not nostrums, but normalcy * November 2nd,1920 republican senator warren G. Harding of Ohio win the presidential election with 16152000 popular votes and 404 electoral votes over 9147353 popular votes and 127 electoral votes for democrat James M. cox * edge 4th,1921 Warren G. Harding, republican, took office as president * run into 4th, 1923 secretary of indoor Albert B.Fall re sign(a) during a senate investigation into the lease of naval oil reserves at T eapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, without competitive bidding * In addition to the Teapot Dome Scandal, the administration had been shake by two suicides in March, 1923, and a Senate investigation and resignation of the director of veterans bureau, Charles R. Forbes, for distr serve * August 2nd, 1923 president Harding died from an embolism in San Francisco during a trip to the West sliding board and Alaska * October 24th, black Thursday, and again on October 9th, black Tuesday, 1929, the stock market crashed, line the Great Depression * June 27th July 2nd, 1932 The democratic national convention also met in Chicago and nominate the Governor of advanced york, Franklin D.Roosevelt, for president * Roosevelt campaigned for a New speak and accuse republicans of catering to special interest and big spending * On March 31th, 1933 relative created the civilian conservation corps to employ young men in national forest reclamation externalize * April 19th, 1933 preside nt Roosevelt, supported by act of congress, took the U. S off the gold standard purposely to devaluate the dollar and tie the circulation of more bullion * June 16th, 1933 On the utmost(a) of day of the Hundred Days, Congress passed the national convalescence morsel which created the national recovery administration, NRA, to draw up industrial codes, which include minimum wages, maximum hours, and collective bargaining, and created the public employments administration, PWA, nder the secretary of the interior to bonkstock public construction project * November 8th, 1933 the civil works administration was created by executive director order to employ millions directly, bypassing the need of the state governments to match federal grants offered under federal emergency recovery administration * April 8, 1935 congress passed the emergency relief appropriation act, which legitimate the president to disburse 5 billion by executive order for work relief and to increase employment by providing useful project * May 6th, 1935 In pursuance of the act, the Works Progress administration, WPA, was set up * From 1933 to 1939 the US national debt had change magnitude to $10,439,000,000 * On December 7th, 1941, Japanese gird indexs made a surprise outpouring on the US pacific base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, as part of its strategy to take the Dutch eastern Indies, where at that place was oil Test 3 December 11th, 1941 Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini, consort of Japan, declared war on the US * November 7th, 1942 In surgery Torch, US forces under general Dwight D. Eisenhower began landing in Morocco and Algeria * The US forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower pushed the German and Italian armies toward Tunisia, while the British pushed them from Egypt. * June 6th,1944 D-Day a twelve nation allied expeditionary force (AEF) of 175000 soldiers, 5000 ships, and 6000 air envisiones, invaded Normandy, France, from Britain * The invasion was called oper ation overlord * US General Dwight D. Eisenhower was top commander of the operation * September 12th,1944 US forces began entering Germany August 6th,1945 An US B-29, the Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbett slobber an nuclear bomb, little boy, on a site of Japans defend industry, Hiroshima * August 9th, 1945 A US B-29, the Bockscar,, piloted by major Charles Sweeny dropped another atomic bomb on a second Japanese defend industry site, Nagasaki * March 5th, 1946 Former British indigenous parson Winston Churchill proclaimed that an iron curtain has descended crosswise Europe in a speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri * June 23th, 1947 Congress, in which republicans outnumbered democrats, passed the Taft-Hartley Act over Trumans foreclose * The Taft-Hartley Act authorized courts to issue injunctions high-flown a from-sixty-to-eighty-day cooling off cessation on any strike jeopardizing public health or safety * The Taft Hartley act also made it illegal to use union dues to maintenance political parties * The Taft Hartley Act made the closed shop, hiring union members only, illegal, but it did not illegalize the union shop, requiring union membership after hire * US secretary of State George C. marshall indicated that the US would contribute to an European recovery plan that funneled US embolden through an physical composition repre moveing the participating countries, which became cognise as the marshall Plan * December 19th, 1947, chair Truman presented to Congress the European recovery plan that had been negotiated at Paris, the marshal Plan, amending, though, the $28 billion in the etymon negotiated to $17 billion * April 3rd, 1948, Congress passed the strange Assistance act, which appropriated $4 billion for the Marshall plan * June 28, 1948 The Foreign Aid appropriations Act enjoin $6 billion to the Marshall Plan and other foreign aid * July 12-15, 1948 The democratic national convention met in Philadelphia and nominated T ruman for president * The democratic national convention adopted a civil right add-in * July 17, 1948 southernern Democrats, Dixiecrats met in Birmingham, Alabama, formed the States Rights party, nominated Governor Strom Thurmond of entropy Carolina for electric chair, and adopted a sequestrationist plank * July 6, 1948 chairperson Truman ended racial segregation in the US force by executive order and called for an end to racial discrimination in federal jobs * April 4th,1949 Representatives of the US, Canada, Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, France, Italy, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland gestural the north Atlantic security accordance in Washington DC, setting up an anti-commie, west European- unification American, defensive alliance, the interchangeableure Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO * February 7th, 1950 republican Senator Joe McCarthy of Wisconsin said that in that respect were Communists in the State plane section when he gave a speech to a womens club i n Wheeling, West Virginia * 13 days later Senator McCarthy said that he had a list of Communist suspects * July 8th,1950 US general Douglas MacArthur was named Supreme Commander of the UN forces in southward Korea, which were made up of for the most part US personnel * July 20th, 1950 The Senate Foreign dealing committee reported that Senator Joseph McCarthys allegations nearly Communist in the State Department ( made five months before) were unsubstantiated * July 7-11, 1952 The republican National convention met in Chicago, and nominated General Dwight David Eisenhower for president and senator Richard M. Nixon of California for vice-president * The body politican national conventions platform supported a balanced budget, diminution of the national debt, and the Taft-Hartley Act * January 20, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower, a republican, was inaugurated president of the United state * July 27, 1954 At Panmunjon, South Korea, near the jointure Korean border, U.N and North Korean o fficials sign(a) an armistice and conditions for prisoner exchange * January 12, 1954 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles announced a policy of massive retaliation, which he described as keeping a large strategic reserve in the US to counter any communist threat to take over the absolve World * April 7, 1954 death chair Eisenhower told the press that he favored continuing US aid to the French in Indochina to prevent atomic number 34 Asia becoming a falling row of dominoes to Communism * April 22 to June 17, 1954 A senate subcommittee investigated senator Joseph McCarthy after he had charged that there were Communists in the army, extending in Senate censure of McCarthy on December 2, 1954 * On December 1, 1955 Mrs. genus Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in the bm white section of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama * A boycott of the bus system led by a local Baptist minister named Martin Luther great power Jr. ollowed * From 1956 to 1959 the US slid into a recession, with dec lines in sales, productivity, and employment * In response, the Federal arrest System lowered its discount rate, and Congress funded construction, especially highway construction, which had been proposed by the Eisenhower administration * September 4-20, 1957 Governor Orville Faubus of Arkansas used the National Guard to block the insertion of African America students into slight Rock Central High teach trough a federal injunction laboured the removal of the Guard * September 23, 1957, wow broke out a unretentive Rock Central High School * September 25, 1957 chairwoman Eisenhower sent the US army in to protect the 9 African American students attending Little Rock high School * September 2, 1958 In the aftermath of Sputnik, professorship Eisenhower write the National Defense procreation act, setting aside $800 million over quad years for the teaching of science and foreign languages in school and colleges and for loans to college students * At the convention Senator Ken nedy pushed for medical examination care for all aged Americans, and, in his acceptance speech, he called for sacrifices on a road to a New Frontier * January 17, 1961 In a live Farewell Address on TV, president Eisenhower warned nigh the increasing power of a armament industrial complex * January 20, 1961 John F.Kennedy, Democrat was inaugurated death chair of the US * March 1, 1961 By executive order death chair Kennedy created the Peace Corps, which funded Americans with particular academic noesis or technical skills in underdeveloped countries where the knowledge or skills were needed * March 13, 1961 President Kennedy called for an Alliance for Progress in which US aid would raise health, education, and liveliness standards in central and south America at the grassroots level * During April 17-20, 1961, about 1300 Cuban refugees come at the request of Pigs, Cuba, to enter Cuba to set up a base of operations to overthrow Fidel Castro, but failed * The Cuban refugees had received phalanx pro beingness under the auspices of the CIA since the Eisenhower Administration, they had been transported to the Bay of Pigs on US ships, and they had received US air cover * May 25, 1961 In a speech before Congress six weeks after the Soviets had put a man in orbit, President Kennedy proposed send a man to the moon by the end of the century * July 17, 1962 A proposal for Medicare, which president Kennedy supported, was defeated in the senate * October 22-28, 1962 Seven day long Cuban Missile Crisis occurred. President Kennedy demanded the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba and ordered the navy to interdict any expedition of Soviet missiles to Cuba * As soviet ship approached Cuba, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev backed off at the last moment in exchange for assurances that the US would not attack Cuba and would seclude its missiles from Turkey if the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba * November 22,1963 President Kennedy was assassinate in Dallas, Te xas * January 8, 1964 President Johnson proposed reducing federal spending and proposed a war on poverty in the State of the wedding Address * President Johnson increased the number of US military advisor in South Vietnam from 16000 to 21000 * July 2, 1964 a civil rights act outlawed racial discrimination in (1) facilities open to the public, (2) unions, and (3) federal employment, and it authorized the US attorney general to sue on the behalf of victims of discrimination * January 4,1965 In the state of the Union address, president Johnson recommended government spending in the areas of education, health care, the arts, urban renewal, reduction of pollution, and excreta of poverty for what he called the Great ships company * February 7, 1965 president ordered bombing indoors north Vietnam after a Viet Cong attack on a base at Pleiku, which was about 200 miles south of North Vietnam * The bombing would continue for three years, till March 31, 1968 * March 15, 1965 President John son sent a proposal for a voting rights bill to congress Test 4 July 28, 1965 President Johnson announced that he was sending 50000 more military personnel to South Vietnam, bringing the total to 125000 * July 30, 1965 President Johnson subscribe the Medicare Act in Independence, Missouri, in the aim of former President Harry Truman, who had pushed for national health care * August 6, 1965 President Johnson sign voting rights act, which authorized the time out of literacy tests and the placement of federal registrars at locations where little than 50% of eligible voters had registered * November 3, 1966 President Johnson signed the Clean water restoration act, which was directed toward lakes and rivers * President Johnson signed the Air timberland Act, which appropriated $428,300,000 over three year to devolve air pollution * March 31, 1968 President Johnson stopped an any bombing above the 21st parallel in North Vietnam, which included Hanoi, and announced that he would not run for re-election * April 11, 1968 president Johnson signed a civil rights act supporting open housing * October 31,1968 president Johnson announced that all bombing of North Vietnam would stop the next day, November 1, 1968 * June 8,1969 president Nixon began the withdrawal of 250000 US military personnel from South Vietnam, explaining it as a turn-over of the war to the South Vietnamese, which the press called Vietnamization * September 16,1969 President Nixon further implemented Vietnamization by the withdrawal of 35000 more US military personnel from South Vietnam * April November the US and Soviet Union negotiated a Nuclear nonproliferation Treaty in the Strategic harness limitation talks, SALT * April 20, 1970 president Nixon go along Vietnamization by withdrawal of 150000 more US military personnel from South Vietnam * April 30 June 9, 1970 US ground forces crossed into Cambodia from south VN to destroy enemy supply bases after having conducted 3500 secret bombing at tacks inside Cambodia since 1969 * November 12, 1971 President Nixon continued Vietnamization by withdrawing 45000 more US military personnel from south Vietnam * November, 1971 January, 1973 President Nixon imposed guidelines for wages and for prices, which he had been authorized to do by an act, the Economic stabilisation Act, recently passed by Congress * January 13, 1972 President Nixon continued Vietnamization policy by withdrawing 70000 more US military personnel from south VN * In February, 1972, President Nixon visited Communist China * The trip takingsed in a joint communique announcing that steps would be take a leak do normalize relations between the US and Communist China, which would be six years away , and announcing US acknowledgement of Taiwan as part of China * May 26, 1972 President Nixon and Soviet postmortem examination Leonid Brezhnev agreed in Moscow to work for peaceful coexistence and signed, the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT, which was ratified by the US senate in August * June 17, 1972 five men use by the Committee to re-elect the President broke into the offices of the egalitarian national committee at the Watergate hotel in Washington, DC. August 12, 1972 President Nixon brought his Vietnamization policy to a conclusion by withdrawing US ground combat forces remaining in South VN * In October, 1972, the house of judicature committee began nearly 2 years of impeachment proceedings against president Nixon * The impeachment proceedings were the result of senate and special prosecutor investigations into the Watergate break-in in June, 1972, which varyed a denial by president Nixon that he had anything to do with an attempted cover up of the break-in * January 27,1973 US, South VN, Viet Cong, and North Vietnamese representatives signed a armistice agreement in Paris, France * June 13, 1973 President Nixon re-imposed guidelines on retail prices because of inflation * August 9, 1974 face the possibility of impeachment as a result of the Congressional investigations into Watergate, President Nixon resigned * July 15,1976 The democratic national convention met in New york city and nominated a Washington outsider, former engineer, naval, officer, farmer, and governor of Georgia, James E. Carter, for president * February 24, 1977 President Carter announced curtailment of foreign aid to governments violating human rights * August 4,1977 the department of zip was created On September 7, 1977, president Carter signed a treaty to turn the sailor canal zone over to leghorn in October, 1979, and to turn the canal itself to panama in 1999, and the US senate would ratify treaty in march 1978 * September, 1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, President Carter, and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat met at Camp David, Maryland, to negotiate a way to end the state of war that had continued between Egypt and Israel since Israels beginning in 1948 * On February April, 1979, President Carter placed priced c ontrols on oil in the US following a US trade censor on Iranian oil and a 50% OPEC price hike * The embargo on oil from Iran had been imposed after Shah Pahlavi was overthrown in January by Shia Muslims under the leaders of an imam named Rubollah Khomeini * September 27, 1979 Congress clear President Carters request for the creation of a separate department of education * November 4,1979 students took 66 US citizens in the US embassy in Tehran, Iran, hostage, in protest of the USs allowing Shah Pahlavi to come to the US for medical treatment * April 25, 1980, US military landed overnight near Tehran, Iran to rescue the US hostages but mishaps with the aircraft scuttled the operation * July 16, 1980 The Republican National convention met in Detroit, Michigan, and nominated former announcer and actor Ronald Reagan for president * Ronald Reagan ran on a platform calling for cuts in government spending, for strengthening national defense, and for holding the line on taxes * November 4, 1980 Ronald Reagan defeated Carters bid for re-election with an electoral vote of 489 to 49 and a popular vote of 43,899,248 to 36,481,435 * President Reagans policy of reducing taxes for business and people with high incomes in anticipation that economic growth would more than make up the difference was called supply-side economics, trickle-down economics, and Reaganomics * July 16-19, 1984 The democratic national convention met in san Francisco, California, and nominated former Vice-president Walter Mondale for president and New York congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro for Vice-President, the first woman to be nominated for the vice-presidency * Between November 3-6, 1986 the New York times and Washington post ran reports that representatives of Ronald Reagan, before he took office, had coveringly agreed to the shipment of pare parts and ammunition from the US to Iran in exchange for the release of the hostages on January 20,1981, the day Reagan would take office * November 25, 19 86, reports circulated that money received from the sale of arms to Iran had been funneled to the contras in Nicaragua during the period congress had only okay humanitarian aid * July 7-24, 1987 Congressional hearings were held on the reported exchange of arms for the hostages in Iran and difference of profits to the Contras in Nicaragua, what became known as the Iran-Contra Affair * Secretary of State George Shultz and other administration officials were reluctant to commit the higher-up who had oversight of the exchange and diversion * On June 3,1989, from 300 to 400 pro- commonwealth demonstrators were at Tiananmen Square in Beijing as the Communist leaders of the peoples republic of China began a legions crackdown in which thousands may have perished * In June 26 1990, in what appeared to many contradict a statement at the 1988 Republican national convention, read my lips.No new taxes, President provide stated that tax revenue increases would be needed to thin out the shor tfall. * On August 2,1990 President scouring denounced an invasion and annexation of capital of Kuwait by Iraq as naked aggression and warned the military dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, that the aggression pull up stakes not stand * September 11, 1990 President Bush stated to joint session of Congress that administrations policy to oppose control of southwest Asiatic oil resources by Saddam Hussein, whom he viewed as a brutal, unpredictable dictator. * On January 12, 1991. Congress authorized President Bush to use ground to liberate Kuwait * On January 17,1991, after the expiration of an U.N deadline for Iraqi forces to evacuate Kuwait, US and a coalition of air forces began six weeks of attacks, called consummation desert Storm, targeting communications, nuclear and chemical weapons facilities, artillery, tanks, and troop positions in Iraq * August 15, 1991 four year after the beginning of the congressional hearings into the Iran-contra Affair, President Bush signed a bill r equiring Presidents to report all covert action to congress and to authorized all covert actions in advance with a scripted presidential finding * February 21,1992 a little over two year after Tiananmen Square, the Bush administration lifted US trade sanctions against the Peoples Republic of China * May 19, 1992 the 27th amendment was ratified, preventing a Congress form making earnings increases for its members before the next Congressional election. July 16, 1992 the democratic national convention met in New York City nominated Governor wit Clinton of Arkansas for president * Governor point Clinton of Arkansas campaigned as a new democrat and criticized supply-side economics, saying it had produced the highest federal deficit ever. * Governor Clinton placed emphasis on the global economy and promotion of democracy abroad, and he supported air strikes in Bosnia and human rights in China * November 3, 1992 Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton won the election, receiving 44909889 popular votes, which gave him an electoral vote of 370, to president Bushs 36481435 popular votes and 168 electoral votes and Ross Perots 5719437 popular votes.