A Respectable Trade and Amistad Essay -- Slavery Slaves History Papers

A Respectable Trade and Amistad An unfortunate part of history and restriction involves European, American, and African slave traders engaging in the lucrative trade in humans. The movies, A Respectable Trade and Amistad show two slightly different slants to the equivalent evil side of the concept of slavery. They point to an all too realistically gruesome picture of this despicable economic system. Although slavery contains some similarities to capitalism, it contains in it many an(prenominal) differences as well, making it a distinct system from others that have existed. Slavery. The term and all that it embodies inspires revulsion, anger, and sadness. The history of this nation is intertwined with slavery-as many things are the result of African-American key pattern and blood-(brought to these shores in slave ships). The institution of slavery had a significant impact on this societys institutions, such as the family, and on its social thought, law, and economy. Slavery was a establish of dependent intentness that can be differentiated from other forms by the fact that in any society the general consensus is that it was considered to be the most degrade and most sever. It can be characterized by a relationship that was founded on the notion of dominance and power. To mention briefly, humans have created other forms of dependent labor as well serfdom, indentured labor, and peonage. However these are not the same as slavery. A serf was usually subject to the law, and thus had some rights of his or her own. A serf was also usually bound to the land in comparison to the slave who was usually bound to his suppress and thus had to live where the master told him to and could be sold whenever the master wanted to sell them for money. The serf als... ...clopedia Britannica. Slavery. Wysiwyg//35http//www.britannica.com/b16,117527+1+109538,00.html?query=slaveryG, Brianne. B, Scott. M, Lindsay. The Three Passages into Slavery. http//www.benjamin school.com/hagy1/webpages/three_passages_into_slavery.htmMcCormick, Erin. Zamora, Jim Herron. Slave Trade lifelessness Alive in U.S. San Francisco Examiner. February 14, 2000. http//www.trafficked-women.org/examiner.htmlRobinson, B. A. A Brief History of the Peculiar Institution Slavery in North America. 2000. http//www.religioustolerance.org/slavery.htmSlavery. http//www.usbol.com/ctjournal/Slavery2.htmlS. Trey. Treatment of Slaves. http//www.benjaminschool.com/hagy/webpages/life_on_a_plantation.htmUnderstanding Slavery The Lives of Eighteenth Century African-Americans. http//www.sciway.net/hist/chicora/slavery18-1.html

Egyptian Art and Architecture Essay -- Egypt Paintings Sculptures Buil

Egyptian artwork and ArchitectureEgyptian Art and Architecture, the buildings, paintings, sculpture, and confederate arts of old-fashioned Egypt, from prehistoric times to its conquest by the Romans in 30 bc. Egypt had the longest unified history of any civilization in the ancient Mediterranean, extending with few interruptions from about 3000 bc to the 4th century ad. The nature of the country, fertilized and united by the Nile, and its semi-isolation from outside cultural influences, produced an artistic style that changed little during this long period. Art in all its forms was devoted principally to the service of the pharaoh, who was considered a god on Earth, to the state, and to religion. From early times a belief in a bearing after death dictated that the dead be buried with material goods to their ensure well-being for eternity. The regular patterns of naturethe annual flooding of the Nile, the cycle of the seasons, and the jump on of the Sun that brought day and night were considered gifts from the gods to the people of Egypt. Egyptian thought, morality, and culture were rooted in a deep respect for order and balance. Change and novelty were not considered important in themselves thus the style and representational conventions in Egyptian art that were established early in the development of that civilization continued more or less unchanged for more than 3,000 years. To the modern eye the Egyptian artistic idiom may seem stiff and static its underlying intention, however, was not to create an mental picture of things as they appear in reality, but rather to capture the essence of a person, animal, or object for eternity.II PREDYNASTIC PERIOD The early prehistoric dwellers on the Nile inhabited the terraces or plateaux left by the river as it cut its bed. Tools and implements left by these early inhabitants of Egypt show their gradual development from seminomadic hunter-gatherers to settled agriculturists. By 4000 bc the civilization of Egypt w as in its earliest formative stages the Predynastic period, which lasted until about 3100 bc, had begun.Evidence of organized settlements dating from this period has been found, and artefacts produced are mainly associated with burials. Objects were put into the grave with the body for the physical exercise of the spirit in the next life thus a great quantity of such personal goods as pottery, tools, and weapons has been preserve... ...from earlier monuments. An interest in perceptive portraiture begun in the 25th Dynasty was continued, sometimes with splendid results.The 26th Dynasty ended with the invasion by the Persian Empire and, except for brief periods, Egypt was never over again completely free from foreign domination. The conquest of the country by Alexander the Great in 332 bc and by the Romans in 30 bc brought Egypt into the unblemished world, but the ancient artistic traditions persisted. Alexander and his successors were depicted on the walls of temples as Egyptian kings in an Egyptian style of relief carving. Temples were built in the Ptolemaic period (the dynasty founded by Alexander) and in the Roman period that echoed traditional Egyptian styles in architecture.Egyptian art also exerted a powerful influence on the cultures of the invaders. Early Greek artists acknowledged a debt to Egypt in the development of their own styles. The Romans so loved Egyptian art that they carried off to their homeland countless examples and fifty-fifty had imitations of Egyptian sculpture carved by Roman artists. The influence of Egyptian art and the fascination with Egyptian antiquity have persisted to the present day.

Correlation Between Tempest and the New World :: essays papers

Correlation Between Tempest and the New World Of Plymouth grove by William Bradford, The General floor of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles by John Smith, and The Tempest by William Shakespeare, seem to have one thing in common in that they all call forth upon the aspect of life in the smart world. While The Tempest alludes to the new world and focuses on an imaginary concept of a Utopian society, The General fib of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles and Of Plymouth Plantation offer first hand accounts of life in the new world. John Smith tells us about life on the new land and his experiences with natives while William Bradford emphasizes the difficulties and hardships that the people had to endure in building a colony. The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles by John Smith, portrays the rattling(a) troubles the settlers were faced with by the Native Americans. He explains how he was captured by Indians and also saved by a y oung Native American girl, Pocahontas. He vividly describes the ceremonies and rituals of the Natives performed before his execution. However, the execution never occurred due to the tremendous mercy showed by the kings daughter who blanketed John Smiths body her own. Pocahontas went on to persuade the Native Americans to help the settlers by giving them food and other necessities. Despite her efforts to reach peaceful grounds, her people were still bitter and planned an attacks on the colony. Nevertheless, Pocahontas saved them once again by warning the settlers of attacks. Pocahontas went on to marry an Englishman and traveled to England. She resembled the prosperity and good that was to be found in an untamed land. Of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford gives us an insight into the endurance of the early settlers and the kind of pain they went through in order build the foundation of our great nation. They embarked on the new world and developed a colony from the ground up. However, there troubles started long before they even stepped foot on the land. With a strong hold on their religious beliefs, they continued their voyage to the new world even though there were questions about the safety of the vessel. They managed to work hard on the ship and thrust it to the new world, tired and hungry, only to learn that there was no rest to be found, but even more work.

Jorge Borges Life Seen In The Secret Miracle Essay -- Jorge Luis Borg

In 1944, Jorge Luis Borges published The Secret Miracle, a short story describing Jaromir Hladik, a Jew living in the spot cosmea War. Jaromir Hladik is taken away by the Germans to a jail by the Germans to be executed shortly after. While in jail, he ponders on all(prenominal) the slipway he could be killed and later realizes that he still has yet to finish his play The Enemies. He prays to God, begging for a year to be grant to him so that he can complete his last masterpiece. In a dream, he is granted that year. When the Germans pull the trigger, the world freezes for a full year so he can finish his play. At a basic glance, The Secret Miracle appears to be merely a fictioness story. However, Borges included so much of his avow sprightliness in the character of Jaromir Hladik that the story no longer seems to be so made up. Borges writing was impelled and shaped by experience (Williamson 296). Borges grew up amiable books from the real start of his life. His father was alw ays a reader, so he had a room set up like a library that housed hundreds of books. Borges besides grew up in a family with colorful war history, which allowed him to be introduced to interesting stories early on. At the age of 56, he was completely blind, causing him to see books in a different way. He no longer thought literature was a reality. For instance, he believed that although an apple is called an apple, it may not truly live with that name. Yet he continues to write in this unreality for he feels that it is a writers duty to speak out against Juan Peron through literature. In malice of Borges belief that literature is not reality, there is evidence of Borges life embedded in it which clearly shape the issues and concerns of his work. Borges was always one ... ...ss, which is difficult and requires dodging to succeed. This would fail in with Borges struggle to succeed in his work. In addition, Borges states that, No one could any longer describe the forgotten prize , but it was rumored that it was enormous and maybe unconditioned (Borges 166). This could be referring to the prize of life. Many speak of life as being grand, yet no one actually knows whether life on orb is a prize or not. It goes on to say that Hladik does not remember the chessmen or the rules of chess (Borges 166). In other words, Borges no longer remembers how to live his own life. Borges was basic introduced to the game of chess by his father who presented him with mathematical theories and philosophical puzzles (Sickels 4) while teaching him how to become a better chess player. Perhaps this was Borges first get hold with the philosophy of life. Jorge Borges Life Seen In The Secret Miracle Essay -- Jorge Luis BorgIn 1944, Jorge Luis Borges published The Secret Miracle, a short story describing Jaromir Hladik, a Jew living in the Second World War. Jaromir Hladik is taken away by the Germans to a jail by the Germans to be executed shortly after. While in j ail, he ponders on all the ways he could be killed and later realizes that he still has yet to finish his play The Enemies. He prays to God, begging for a year to be granted to him so that he can complete his last masterpiece. In a dream, he is granted that year. When the Germans pull the trigger, the world freezes for a full year so he can finish his play. At a first glance, The Secret Miracle appears to be merely a fictioness story. However, Borges included so much of his own life in the character of Jaromir Hladik that the story no longer seems to be so made up. Borges writing was impelled and shaped by experience (Williamson 296). Borges grew up loving books from the very start of his life. His father was always a reader, so he had a room set up like a library that housed hundreds of books. Borges also grew up in a family with colorful war history, which allowed him to be introduced to interesting stories early on. At the age of 56, he was completely blind, causing him to see li terature in a different way. He no longer thought literature was a reality. For instance, he believed that although an apple is called an apple, it may not actually have that name. Yet he continues to write in this unreality for he feels that it is a writers duty to speak out against Juan Peron through literature. In spite of Borges belief that literature is not reality, there is evidence of Borges life embedded in it which clearly shape the issues and concerns of his work. Borges was always one ... ...ss, which is difficult and requires strategy to succeed. This would fit in with Borges struggle to succeed in his work. In addition, Borges states that, No one could any longer describe the forgotten prize, but it was rumored that it was enormous and perhaps infinite (Borges 166). This could be referring to the prize of life. Many speak of life as being grand, yet no one actually knows whether life on Earth is a prize or not. It goes on to say that Hladik does not remember the chessm en or the rules of chess (Borges 166). In other words, Borges no longer remembers how to live his own life. Borges was first introduced to the game of chess by his father who presented him with mathematical theories and philosophical puzzles (Sickels 4) while teaching him how to become a better chess player. Perhaps this was Borges first encounter with the philosophy of life.

Revisiting Childhood in The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe :: Lion Witch and the Wardrobe Essays

Revisiting Childhood in The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe When I was young, it was hard to understand the large picture. I knew non what I did I only acted. Aggressive action came spontaneously, and in rapid response to whatever situation befell me. I frequently fought and argued with my brothers. small-arm we were good around other people, at home, my brothers and I were not pleasant to deal with. At the time, it was impossible for me to foretell the ramifications of my mother. It was not until much later onwards I realized the gift that my mom had managed to give my brothers and me in her remarkable grace under the pressures. She was taking on four pre-teenaged boys on a feverish schedule, while juggling a part-time job and continuing college level education. I was no more than ten years old when my mother began indicant to us. It was a difficult enough undertaking, shuffling us between our fathers house and hers and the many extracurricular activities invo lved with bringing up four young men. Somehow, terce or four days a week, she enticed us all to sit down before bedtime for the retelling of a classic story. We started out with the first book in the Chronicles of Narnia series by author C. S. Lewis, titled The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe. In this fairy tale, a magical lion returns to the mysterious land of Narnia in a quest to clothe an end to the evil reign of the wicked White Witch. The story simply captivated my younger brothers and me. The strange part was that it was never about the animals that talked, the fauns, unicorns, giants, dwarfs, wolves, centaurs, beavers, and birds. Truthfully, I did not remember much about a witch in the story, much less the existence of a lion. I did not recall any morals, messages, or even a plotline. What struck me most was part of the tale that engulfed the four siblings in the adventure of their lifetime. A few times a week, my brothers and I followed Peter, Susan, Edmu nd, and Lucy into the transport wardrobe and through to the other side. As we circled around my mother in our living room, we were careful, just as Peter was, in closing the door.

GENERAL MOTORS LEADS THE CHARGE :: essays research papers

GENERAL MOTORS LEADS THE CHARGEThe Launch of the GM beakIn 1992 at a convention, Visa USA president and CEO Robert Heller belittled the arrival of non-band course credit-card issuers. He joked that it wouldnt be long before pizza parlors joined AT&T and General Motors in offering cards. Within a year he was punted and people were talking about McDonalds having a credit card.The US Car Industry in the Early 90sFlat demand and foreign competition made the early 90s tough-minded for the big three. In 1992 GM chalked up the largest annual loss in US corporate history, around $4.5 billion.Part of the solution to GMs chore was to make better cars and make them more efficiently.That still left the issue of how cars were sold. End-of-the year rebates, cash-back, and dealer discounts were hard to control. Car buyers began to expect these incentives, so they waited and by delay forced manufacturers to offer them earlier in the year.The GM CardIn September 1992, GM teamed up with Househol d Bank, a major issuer of co-branded credit cards, to order the GM Card under the MasterCard umbrella. The card allowed holders to apply 5% of their charges to the purchase or lease of a new GM car or truck. The credit was applied after the customer had negotiated his or her best deal on the vehicle. Cardholder were allowed to accumulate up to $500 a year in rebates, with a capital of $3500 over 7 years.GM spent $120 million on a marketing blitz.The GM Card rollout was the most successful ever in the credit-card business. After only twenty-eight days, there were one million accounts. In less than two months, there were over two million GM Card accounts, and card balances topped $500 million.The eight million-plus new accounts propelled Household Bank from 10th to 5th place among credit-card issuers. Annual charge volume on the GM Card was $5200, or two and a half times the national average.The Ford-Citibank CardIn February 1993, Ford joined forces with Citibank.

GENERAL MOTORS LEADS THE CHARGE :: essays research papers

GENERAL MOTORS LEADS THE CHARGEThe Launch of the GM CardIn 1992 at a convention, Visa USA hot seat and CEO Robert Heller belittled the arrival of non-band credit-card issuers. He joked that it wouldnt be long before pizza parlors joined AT&T and General Motors in offering cards. Within a year he was punted and people were talking about McDonalds having a credit card.The US Car Industry in the Early 90sFlat demand and foreign competition made the early 90s tough for the big three. In 1992 GM chalked up the largest annual loss in US corporate history, around $4.5 billion.Part of the solution to GMs problem was to use up better cars and make them more efficiently.That still left the issue of how cars were sold. End-of-the year rebates, cash-back, and dealer discounts were hard to control. Car buyers began to expect these incentives, so they waited and by waiting forced manufacturers to offer them in the beginning in the year.The GM CardIn September 1992, GM teamed up with Household Bank, a major issuer of co-branded credit cards, to launch the GM Card under the MasterCard umbrella. The card allowed holders to apply 5% of their charges to the purchase or lease of a new GM car or truck. The credit was applied after the client had negotiated his or her best deal on the vehicle. Cardholder were allowed to accumulate up to $ euchre a year in rebates, with a ceiling of $3500 over 7 years.GM spent $120 million on a marketing blitz.The GM Card rollout was the most successful ever in the credit-card business. After only cardinal days, there were one million accounts. In less than cardinal months, there were over two million GM Card accounts, and card balances topped $500 million.The eight million-plus new accounts propelled Household Bank from 10th to 5th place among credit-card issuers. Annual charge volume on the GM Card was $5200, or two and a half times the national average.The Ford-Citibank CardIn February 1993, Ford joined forces with Citibank.

Jasper Jones Essay Essay

IntroductionAlthough fiction texts are simply narratives, they can also reflect a particular(a) time and place. The figment Jasper Jones written by Craig Silvey follows the character of Charlie, the thirteen year old protagonist, who is forced to rethink his traditional notions of right and wrong, through his friendship with Jasper Jones. The novel highlights Australias attitudes towards foreigners and Indigenous people. The secondary country townspeoplespeople held strong beliefs about the rank of sport but also the lack of education.Jasper Jones is marginalised in society callable to his indigenous background causing him to be the first to be blamed for any matters of trouble. In the novel Jasper Jones written by Craig Silvey the dominant beliefs of society and anti-Semite(a) attitudes towards indigenous people are reflected. Hes the first to be blamed for all manner of trouble. As Jasper is indigenous he is being classify as being a troublemaker. This puts the reader in a p osition to picture him as exactly that and might cause Jasper to act up ilk that.The readers consider Jasper to be questionable and unreliable. The towns pre judgements of Jasper and his bad reputation cause him to be blamed for crimes he often does not commit. Jasper jones is right. Of course this town will blame him. Through Charlies narrative point of view we are given an insight in to what his thoughts on this issue are. Of course the town will immediately assume the death of Laura was him. Jasper is being judged unfairly. Readers are put in a position to understand the town are hypocritical and judgemental of Jasper til now though he has done nothing wrong. The town hold these assumptions found on his Indigenous background.The white dominated small country town in Australia highlights the lack of value placed on multiculturalism as shown through the treatment of the Lu family. In the novel Jasper Jones written by Craig Silvey the mistreatment of foreign cultures is evident i n Australia 1960s. But Sue Findlay hadnt finished. Jabbing her finger, she screeched the most horrible words, the nastiest things imaginable, her voice uneven with tears, her eyes crazy. During the time the book was published the Vietnam was happening and manyAustralians had been send over to fight. Sue Findlay has been used as a representative of the town as Mrs Lu is picked on and marginalised by the town.Sue is blaming Mrs Lu for the conscription of her countersign in the Vietnam War, as she was Vietnamese. It focuses on the issues of racism present in Australia society during the 1960s. I can hear them shouting Red rat Fucking rose-cheeked rat These extremely racist and derogatory comments made about the Lu family reflect the racists attitudes held by the citizens of Australian during the 1960s.the towns people were very abusive and did not lead any success associated with the Lu family very well. It clearly shows their lack of value placed on multiculturalism and respect tow ards others. Australia had a very critical attitude towards foreigners.The small Australian country town represents the dominant beliefs of 1950s Australia regarding masculinity and sporting qualification. In the novel Jasper Jones by Craig Silvey highlights the social issues associated with sport and culture. Charlies lack of sporting ability makes him a minority and highlights the value of being good at sport and also the lack of value towards academic achievement. Im lousy at sport, and better than most at school, which garners me only ire in the classroom and resentment when report cards are issued. Charlie is picked on at school just for his intelligence.Charlie receives goods grades and is intellectual rather than athletic. In the town of Corrigan where sporting ability is highly valued he is somewhat viewed as an outsider. Sport is the social currency. Their hierarchy based on their skill with a ball. Theyll surround him and scruff at his hair in celebration, theyll applaud and pat his arse, but once the game is over, the pattern returns. Jasper although is looked cumulus upon due to his Indigenous background is viewed as any other normal person during a game of football. It is evident that in the Australian 1960s, the society held the value of sport higher rather than their views on Jasper and his background and their racist attitudes.

Cultural Theory Essay

Culture is an essential component for human development. Culture cannot be evaded from and its implications are of importance to the human life. In this study, I shall address the aspects of destination as presented in graves. A distinct mould will be identified and well analyzed in respect to its pagan impact to the entire human life growth and development. It will involve the contri thoion the cultural entities have and how culture is perceived by man. The impact of cultural remove in line with the carving will be addressed.In this case, the carving in limelight was done post in 1927 and it represents a protrude of a floating woman. This is an indication of the cultural aspect of gender and manlike chauvinism. It was assessed and described on the basis of its nature, cultural set and the overall importance. Gender sensitivity has been on the light in the current society and the sculpture assisted in analyzing the context today. In order to conceptualize this concept, let analyze the sculpture of a floating woman by Gaston Lachaise in 1927. Consider the sculpture below Source NGA, 2013In regards to this sculpture, the cultural theory indicated that the issue of gender sensitivity is of much age in the society. Male chauvinism and the act of feminism have dominated the social life. As depicted in the above sculpture, the distaff gender had been of intimidation and not usually accorded the desired respect as social being. Exposing the female frame in this sculpture shows how culture had being word picture women as the object deserved only to perform only feminist roles assigned by the society. Essentially, this sculpture has been used in this study to depict the cultural aspects of gender disparity.The culture of the society entails artistic forms and practices and thus, the sculpture has been modeled in order to expose a cultural practice in the society. The beliefs and determine that hulk in society are well represented. The culture theory repr esents the practices and roles of people within the society (Anderson, 2008, p. Xv). The cultural theory as Johnson (2009) surfaced from the mounting identification of the ideological underpinnings of putative scholarly objectivity (p. 1). The introduction of the cultural theory was necessitated by a massive swing which shifted the idea of culture in the society.The study seeks to scat and explain why the society is conflicting over the entire risk coupled. In congruence with the sculpture, changes that have occurred to sculpture and indication that the aspects of gender and cultural values have also changed from the former tradition approach to the current modernization approach. Essentially, the culture existent in the society in which this sculpture was modeled values the different aspects which have been addressed in cultural theory specifically the aspects of gender and esthetics.The sculpture is depictive of the female gender as being more passive in the society in performi ng the most essentials roles in the society. This forms the basis of the beliefs that people in the society have regarding the gender are leave of the culture of the society (Anderson, 2008, p. Xvi). Culture theory as from the evolution of the feminist and muted group theory have been shaping the ideas that women should be gazed no slight than their male counterpart (Johnson 2009, p. 2).The beliefs that people have about the female gender are well depicted by the pose figured by the sculpture which gender as a mitigating aspect of culture. Culture theory thus outlines the specific aspects that prevail in the society. They may include gender, sexual harassment, discrimination, inferiority, and sexual torture. Although on that point is notable changes which have occurred in the sculpture since 1927, for example the texture as the current sculpture is more smooth (Karen 2007, p. 25), the main core purpose of the sculpture has not changed yet.There is still gender disparity and inequ ality in the sculpture. The changes might have occurred on the equipment and materials used in the making of the current sculpture, but the aspect of male dominance and chauvinism is still the order of the sculpture. The sculpture has being portraying some conceptualization which range from the time this sculpture was developed. Presently, the sculpture presents females as passive members of the society who are not supposed to contribute in the growth and development of the society and deserve to be doomed by the males.In this aspect, it is regarded that a male gender must be the one responsible for the major family chores and responsibilities (Karen 2007, p. 30). Leadership and economic power are majorly linked with the male gender as the female gender is considered more family and house like person. As Goodenough said, a societys culture lies of whatever it is one has to fuck or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members. Culture is not a material phenomen on it does not consist of things, people, behavior, or emotions. It is rather an organization of these things.It is the form of things that people have in mind, their models for perceiving, relating, and otherwise interpreting them (1957, p. 167). The cultural theory is of much significance in this sculpture. sight were culturally identified based on the importance they attach to certain roles. Through culture people attaches meanings thus causing cultural conflict. For instance, chauvinism was extremely upheld in most communities across the globe. Feminism was regarded in its appropriateness. Both female and males attached similar importance to the notions that developed in the minds of the people (Karen, 2007, p. 5).Exposing the female body is culturally and traditionally perceived as a gender inequality and an act of feminism. In addition, the cultural aspects should be perceived as the structural transcription which is constructed in the minds of the people and has a sweeping effect (Keesing 1974, p. 78). The sculpture has being the learning of many as the indication of gender inequality and a humiliation to the female gender. To summarize, sculptures have significant roles in enhancing cultural aspects and values in the society.They communicate distinct messages across the members of the society. Currently, the roles that the female gender could not play decades back have been shared between the two genders. Thus, sculptures themselves are also currently changing in the light they are depicting both gender manduction the core roles which might only be seen as manly there before. There is cultural mix and with the evolution of much gender based theories the perception and the roles perceived to be feminist are eroding. As changes have been witnessed in the current floating woman sculpture, it is in line ith the current cultural change as culture is dynamic. Things which were previously viewed and adopted as being of certain gender only are gradually discarded. Gender-based conflicts are reducing sustainably with much outpouring of gender equality and affirmation. The current society is composed of much enlightened individuals and groups who have enabled implementation of the cultural changes that have occurred over time, thus making culture an entity of human social life and one cannot say that he/she does not feel the impact of culture.

Sample of Business Plan for Resort

UNDERWATER ISLAND RESORT A great place to stay in and a great place to sleep with and unlax Here at Underwater Island Resort which is located at the beautiful island of Bantayan in Cebu City, you leave behind enjoy the great scenery and you will have a different vacation than ever Underwater Island Resort that was being establish by Ms. Lovina M. Mercader last April 29, 2010 which offers a variety of servings and treats for every guest who will be visiting the said resort. With Ms.Mercaders team, they strived hard to build up the said Resort and name it with the greatest view that can be seen UNDERWATER. And we hold back guest safety and their enjoyment as they stay in our resort. Underwater Island resorts main attraction is the beauty of the sea especially the marine life and resources. Scuba diving and snorkeling is in like manner one of our offered services. Restaurants and bars are withal advertised in our said resort for guess to also taste the greatest specialties of th e Philippines. Also, live bands are available at our bar.Availability of rooms and cottages are also permitd for guest staying long. We also accept reservations for some(prenominal) occasions and events. A view of sunset can be clearly seen in our resort. Many services are available in our said resort where you can enjoy a vacation with your lovemaking ones. Seat backs relax and enjoy in staying in UNDERWATER ISLAND RESORT. OBJECTIVE To provide them a great time with their love ones and for them to enjoy their stay in the resort. To provide them with new and enjoyable facilities. To ensure that guest are enjoying and also satisfied in their stay and the service of the resort. To also provide security for every guest that will be staying in the resort. Underwater Island resorts Missions and Visions is to be one of the leading Resorts in Cebu moreover not just only in Cebu but also in the whole Philippines and to be recognize also in the whole world as one of the best resorts a nd attraction in the Philippines. One of our goals also is to attract tourist for the growth of tourism here in the Philippines.SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH We provide guest with excellent ambiance We also excellent when it comes to service Also, the management of our resort is very efficient. Our resort provides unique facilities and events that you cannot see from other resorts. WEAKNESS Our competitors with their high-standard service offered. The place is too far from the city. Also, the availability of transportation. One of our weaknesses to is the weather condition of our place. OPPORTUNITIES Word of mouth from guest to their connections. Investors from different companies Easy to locate. Advertisements THREATS The safety of the guest for them to turn at sea. The Competitors in the said Island. Whether discovering the soothing and healing wonders of the resorts spa or journeying through a delicious culinary trail in any of the food and beverage outlets, Under Water Isl and Resort knows no boundaries when it comes to fun under the sun. UNDERWATER ISLAND RESORT PREPARED BY LOVINA MERCADER LY-AN MANACIO CATHERINE SINGCOL EL DAVE OTARA JESS JASPER SABORIENDO ROWENA BAHINTING

Lincoln Hospital Case Study Essay

IntroductionThis case describes a crisis spatial relation that unfolds at the Lincoln Hospital, a 400-bed for-profit facility. At the root of the crisis is a impaired relationship between the stark nakedly elected chief of surgery, take in, and the Operating Room (OR) director of 13-years, Mary. As a result of their discord, multiple exacerbated issues ar occurring throughout the hospital. These issues ar impacting the ability of the hospital to successfully perform the planned surgeries without incurring significant issues. The hospital has lost forty percent of the experienced OR nursing supply during the previous eight months, slightor experienced OR nurses are inefficiently replacing the more experienced nurses, physicians are threatening to conduct their surgeries in different hospitals, physicians are arriving late for scheduled surgeries, the staff is divided, and the necessary equipment is either not avail able or not the correct size resulting in delays and impacts to performing the surgeries.The death chair of the hospital is facing a daunting dilemma in trying to figure out how to bring this discord to closure and remedy the perturbating effects of this hostile relationship. He believes the discord is responsible forthe other systematic issues plann throughout the hospital. He considers firing Mary but quickly realizes she is an invaluable asset that he cannot afford to let go. At the same date, he realizes he needs to be accommodating to the surgeons or they will take their patients to another hospital. The competitive market adds complexity to the situation since the hospital is facing escalating costs, changes in regulations, and strict accreditation standards. The president realizes the surgeons are loyal to the new chief of surgery and that he cannot afford to alienate or counteract the newly elected chief of surgery for fear of losing the surgeons to his competition. The president conducts his own initial investigation by speaking with some(prenominal) nurses and doctors.He tells Mary and Don that they must resolve their conflict by meeting with each other until they resolve their issues the meetings would begin immediately. To ensure Mary and Don follow through with his mandate, the president selects an impartial observer, the new executive feebleness president and chief operating office, Terry, to mediate the meetings. Both Mary and Don also ask their respective vice presidents to sit in on the meetings to ensure fairness in the do by. Neither Mary nor Don wants to participate in these meetings and as such, the results of the meeting are less than fruitful. The initial meeting results in a hostile free-for-all. The president of Lincoln Hospital ultimately contracts with an Organizational Development (OD) advisor to remedy the situation. The OD advisor meets with Mary and Don separately to obtain answers to the following three questions1) What does he or she do rise up?2) What do I think I do that bugs h im or her?3) What does he or she do that bugs me?Mary and Don were able to see the positive characteristics about the other person through the shape of answer the questions. Neither Mary nor Don had openly attributed their respect and admiration for the skills of the other person. Prior to participating in this exercise, their answers revealed the existence of ongoing and escalating frustrations concerning their inability to effectuate skilful interpersonal skills. As Mary and Don continue to participate in these meetings, they become better equipped to address their confrontational issues. They are better positioned and ableto follow through with identifying specific worrys, altering their reactions and their behaviors to effectuate co-existence in a productive way.Contracting and Diagnosis StagesThe case did not elaborate much on the contracting stage between the president and the OD advisor. The case presentd the president was in communication with the OD consultant. The pre sident described a naughty level overview of the problem and subsequently hired the OD consultant with the expectation that the consultant would champion resolution of the dysfunction between Mary and Don. The OD consultant did not have the opportunity to talk with either Mary or Don prior to establishing a contract with the president. There was no agreement regarding the time to resolve the issues, or the acceptable solutions versus unacceptable solutions, other than the solution must include ongoing employment for both Mary and Don. The output of the contracting process is make a good decision about how to carry out the effort, define the resources needed to accomplish the tasks and document the assumptions, risks, and constraints. The contract ensures all parties are in agreement regarding the necessary commitments, support, and resources. Suggestions for establishing an effective contract would include carefully approaching the contracting process by laying out a model of how t he OD process should flow.The contracting process should include all parties, which would be inclusive of Mary and Don. This ensures they all have an input into establishing expectations for the process in terms of the sought after outcomes, establish ground rules that all parties could abide by, and agree upon the time and resources that would be devoted to completing the goals within the given constraints. In addition, the OD consultant should state what his expectations are regarding the process. All parties convolute need to be clear about their commitment of time and resources to the effort. In addition, Mary, Don, and the OD consultant should agree upon how they will run together. Some conversations may require confidential conversations or information. This type of information should be part of the contract.The diagnosing process began largely from the description given to the OD consultant by the president and not as a collaborative effort among all affected stakeholders. As stated earlier,Mary and Don, as well as other affected members of the organization, were not engaged in the early meetings. The OD consultant may have a skewed view of the problem since he did not diagnose the problem but rather received the information second hand. His ability to identify the issues to charge on, how to collect data to peak the progress of a proposed carry throughation, and how to obtain agreement upon the process for assigning action steps is largely from the presidents view.Suggestions for implementing a better diagnosing process would include engaging all affected parties, in a collaborative fashion, to understand all the issues, analyze them, and draw conclusions for action planning and intervention. They should be involved in actively developing appropriate interventions and implementations. An assessment, of the current state of the organization, will identify ways to enhance the organizations existing functioning. A symptomatic model will point out wh at areas to examine and what questions to ask in assessing how they are operating. The diagnostic model should include inputs, design components, and outputs.Third-Party or Other Types of intercessionThe third-party intervention is an appropriate intervention. It successfully generated positive results and reduced the friction between the two parties. However an element of tension static exists between Mary and Don. The consultant was able to get Mary and Don see past their differences and work together to resolve the issues in a productive way. This allows Mary and Don to see a side of each other they did not know existed, which allows the tensions to subside between the two. This also allows the organization to benefit since Mary and Don appear to be the catalyst for subsequent symptoms appearing throughout the organization.Since much of the information, for diagnosing the situation, came from Mary, Don, and the other people affected by the discord, the diagnosis stage is utiliz ing accurate data to implement resolutions to the problems. This data is the basis of the intervention and as such it allows Mary and Don to make commitments regarding resolution of their issues. Mary and Don also have a new tool they can use in future meetings and interactions. Other possible interventions may include utilization of process consultations andteam building events. Process consultations focus on the interpersonal relations and the social dynamics between groups. The team building intervention assists groups in working to evaluate their processes as well as establishing solutions to resolve problems.Third-Party Effectivity and Next StepsThe third-party intervention is an effective intervention even though not all of the problems were completely resolved perturbating effects still exist and fuel the discord between Mary and Don. Other issues are still present that need to be resolved throughout the organization. This intervention allows both parties, Mary and Don, to ta ke ownership for the issues that resulted and changes the way they relate and interact with each other. It allows Mary and Don the ability to collaborate in the solutions and accept mutual accountability for their part in the situation. In addition, they are now able to focus on solutions versus their problems.Although there continues to be some conflict between Mary and Don, they are trying to work through their issues in a productive way. Process consultation should occur to ensure they are still making the needed progress. This order would allow flexibility regarding time commitments for all involved. In addition, repetitive practice in exercising these newly learned behaviors will result in charge behaviors.ReferencesCummings, T. & Worley, C., (2009). Organization development & change. In (Eds.), Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning.

Voluntary Euthanasia Should Be Allowed

benevolent euthanasia has been a disputable issue over the years. Euthanasia, the act of killing mortal painlessly which will directly decide ones closing, is inevitably controversial. Arguments opposing euthanasia usually includes that it is a kind of murder, which whoremonger never be allowed. However, euthanasia is not bound to be murder, for it prat be categorized into various forms, including passive, active, volunteer(prenominal) and unvoluntary ones (Bonin, 2012). Among them, voluntary euthanasia is obviously not murder.Voluntary euthanasia, which can be defined as a terminally ill person choosing to end his own life when suffers from severe pain but is mentally competent, should clean be legalized. In this essay, two reasons supporting the voluntary euthanasia will be given and two counter arguments will be refuted. Two reasons of wherefore voluntary euthanasia should be legalized can be recognized. Firstly, dying peacefully with haughtiness is the best choice for t he suffering incurables.The person conducted voluntary euthanasia is guaranteed to be terminally ill, which means that he is sure to die soon and can only choose the way to die, the way in extremely pain or the painless way. It is usually better for him to choose to die painlessly. Allowing a person to die peacefully without pain is to respect his life, and he can still documentation his last dignity. Otherwise if it is illegal to bring voluntary euthanasia, the patient can only be tortured by the insufferable pain, struggling to breathe, wishing to have an immediate relief but still have to wait for a sorrowful death.Secondly, the decision of the patient should be respected. According to the definition, the patient who can be conducted the voluntary euthanasia is mentally competent, which means that he can make his own rational decisions (Chand, 2009). The patient is responsible for his own life, and the decision about death must have been considered seriously. Nobody wants to di e if the pain is not extremely unacceptable, so when he chooses to die, it means that this choice is certainly the only one he can bear.In such cases, nobody provided the patient himself can feel how sorrowful he is to live, and how eager he wants to die. How can people decide for individual when they know nothing about the situation he is in? Thus, nobody can decide whether he should live on or not except the patient himself. The decision of the patient is the only one that counts and matters. If the decision of giving up the treatment can be expected and allowed, why cannot voluntary euthanasia be? There are some counterarguments on this issue which oppose voluntary euthanasia.Firstly, some people claim that doctors should not inflict death (Somerville, 2010). However, when considering voluntary euthanasia, it is not to inflict death, but to make death more bearable when the death is inevitable. It is true that doctors are for healing instead of killing, but when there is no mo re possibility to heal anymore, to relieve the patients pain maybe more meaningful for a doctor as well as for the patients. Secondly, some opponents quoted from the genius of the USA, which says that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person (Bonin, 2012).They argue that even if the patient is terminally ill, his right to life should still be protected and he can only die naturally. However, these people forget that the right to life does not mean that a person should be forced to live, even when he suffers from unbearable pain and has no hope to recover. The right to life means that a person has the right to choose the way of the life, including the death. For other forms of euthanasia, such as the involuntary euthanasia, the patients right to life may be damaged as the decision of euthanasia may not be made by the patient.However, as for voluntary euthanasia, it is the patient himself who chooses to live or die, which depends only on his own decision. Thus, voluntary euthanasia does not do damages to the patients rights. Instead, the legalization of voluntary euthanasia will be beneficial for patients to exercise their right to life better. In conclusion, voluntary euthanasia is suitable to be legalized, because of the dignity of the patients and the respect towards the patients own decisions.The legalization of voluntary euthanasia will neither damage peoples rights, nor hurt the doctors. It is fairly reasonable to make it legalized. References Bonin, A. (2012). Human Euthanasia, The Debate The Arguments for Both Sides. Retrieved on March 10th, 2013, from http//www. examiner. com/article/human-euthanasia-the-debate-the-arguments-for-both-sides Chand, K. (2009). Why we should make euthanasia legal. Retrieved on March 13th, 2013, from http//www. guardian. co. uk/society/joepublic/2009/jul/01/euthanasia-assisted-s

General Mills Financial Analysis Essay

From ready-to-eat cereal to convenient meals to wholesome snacks, cosmopolitan mill about is one of the biggest food products manufacturers and competes in growing food categories that are on-trend with consumer tastes around the world. The company markets many well-known brands, such as Haagen Daazs, Yoplait, Betty Crocker, Totinos, and Cheerios, among others. Main rivals include Kellogg, Kraft, Conagra Foods, and Sara Lee. commonplace Mills sells its products in three members U.S. retail (63% of net sales), worldwide (25% of net sales), and Bakeries and Foodservices (12% of net sales). In addition, General Mills sells cereals and ice cream through its Cereal Partners Worldwide and Haagen Daazs Japan joint ventures. General Mills continues construction its presence in developed markets and increasing presence in emerging markets worldwide by investing in established brands while also underdeveloped new products. The companys goal is to generate balanced, long stipulation yi eld. moolahable performance through the past yearsGeneral Mills has shown a strong profitable performance during the past years.The company has achieved during the last 3 years an average RoE of 28% supported by strong efficiency, financial leverage, and a moderate profitability ratio given the nature of the business. This has resulted in a positive trend of the share price that delivered 3 year returns of 44% from 2009. The upward trend in RoE that peaked in 2011 reaching 30.6% reversed in 2012 that closed with a RoE of 24.5%. The RoE drop of c. 600 bits per second in 2012 compared to 2011 is explained by a decline in profitability that was affected by high input-cost inflation primarily in food ingredients and energy that was non fully transferred to customers (370 bps Gross Profit Margin drop). Performance was also affected by restructuring actions (60 bps impact on profitability) taken to improve organisational effectiveness to drive future evolution. General Mills managed to continue improving efficiency as the outgrowth in sales (3 Years CAGR of 6.7%) outpaced the average assets growth (3 Years CAGR of 5.8%), reaching in 2012 the highest efficiency ratio (83.8%) of the past 3 years.Efficiency improvement was primarily supported by inventory reduction efforts that, mate with increase in accounts payable derived from shifts in timing of hires, reduced the cash conversion cycle to 43 days. It is worth noting that during fiscal 2012 the balance sheet had an grave growth as a result of the erudition of the international Yoplait business, including goodwill and other intangible assets of $2.3 bn USD. Sales growth also benefited from the acquisition and will be discussed in the next section. General Mills runs a leveraged operation where, in average, the total assets are 3 times shareholders equity. Leverage ratio has decreased since 2010 as retained earnings have increased at a faster pace than assets driven by strong business performance.A slight va mp in the leverage ratio during fiscal 2012 was mainly driven by an increase in other comprehensive losses related to pensions and postemployment activity, and foreign money translation that offset retained earnings for the same period. Sustainable growth while generating strong levels of cash flows General Mills has shown a strong, sustainable growth throughout the last years. Net sales increase has been driven by a moderate average growth in the US Retail segment (3.8%), coupled with the expansion in the International business (13.4%).The big year on year increase of 12% in fiscal 2012 is driven by the acquisition of the international Yoplait yogurt business that contributed 7 points of sales growth, while underlying business grew 5%. It is important to note that sales growth has been mainly driven by volume growth with a slight component of net price increase and a favorable mix. Segment Operating Profit has also maintained a sustainable growth. The slowdown during fiscal 2012 and drop of Gross Profit Margin is driven by high input-cost inflation as previously mentioned. Despite high costs, the company managed to increase segment operating profit to exceed $3bn for the first time in the companys history.General Mills has managed to generate strong levels of cash flowacross the years. Over the most upstart 5 years, the company operations have generated almost $10bn USD in cash. A of import portion of this cash has been returned to stockholders through dividends and shares repurchase. In addition, this cash is used to fund Capital expenditure. In the most recent year, the company operations generated $2.4bn of cash compared to $1.5bn in the prior year. The major increase is driven by a favorable change in working capital supported by inventory reduction efforts, prepaid expenses, and other current assets. Cash used by investing activities had a significant increase in fiscal 2012 that is mainly explained by the acquisition of international Yoplait ($1bn U SD).General Mills invested in fiscal 2012 c. $700m USD in land, buildings and equipment, similar to previous years. Cash used by financing activities includes a constant payment of dividends and purchase of treasury stock in the last years. In addition, General Mills has been actively managing their cost of funds by issuing / pre-paying long term debt and commercial paper as convenient. General Mills performance has outpaced main competitors in the recent years General Mills strong performance is accentuated when benchmarked against Kellog Co, another(prenominal) of the key food producers.Both companies present similar profitability with General Mills having a lower gross profit margin compensated by lower marketing investment and general expenses. Nevertheless, General Mills has managed to grow sales and has delivered higher returns at a faster pace than Kellog. In addition, General Mills produces higher levels of free cash flow and has grown dividends per share faster. Finally, Ke llog has a heavy debt load while General Mills has lower leverage ratio. Solid position to face a challenging, uncertain futureIn a nutshell, General Mills has shown a strong performance in the recent years and has outperformed his competitors mainly in compound growth rates and value creation. A challenging future lies ahead with uncertain economic environment and increase in commodity costs. Pricing strategy to maintain margin while not impacting market share will play a key multivariate in the companys performance. Strong brands, innovations, expansion in diversified markets, and solid cash position and moderate leverage should support General Mills to face these challenges and continue creating value in the following years.

Greater London Authority

This credit line report aims to investigate the policies affecting the environment in capital of the United Kingdom. A review will be do into the responsibilities of the Greater London confidence (GLA) and the city manager. A critical evaluation of the evidence will be provided. A survey of opinions amongst GSM students will be presented and a conclusion follown on the effectiveness of the Greater London Authority (GLA) and the city manager in tackling key issues which relate to the environment. It has been estimated that London, the capital of England, has a population of much than eight million (www. tandard. co. uk). With a 0. 7% fall in GDP in the second quarter of 2012 (GLAEconomics, 2012) the Mayor of London (MoL) plays an important role in improving London for all (london. gov. uk). The Greater London Authority (GLA) is a top-tier administrative body for London (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Greater_London_Authority) which consists of an elected mayor, the London assemb ly and permanent members of GLA staff who collaboratively name towards design a better capital (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/greater-london-authority).The MoL is responsible for the economic, environmental, social enhancement of the city (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). Plans and policies are developed to tackle the issues effect London such as tape drive, housing, health inequalities and environmental issues (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). Environmental issues can be defined as the over economic consumption of natural resources (Fransson and Garling, 1999) and can be categorise into air, water, radiation and odor pollution (http//www. environment-agency. ov. uk). The United Kingdom (UK), ranked eighth in the world for break down the highest carbon dioxide emissions (http//www. ucsusa. org). The UK generates 586 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year. Even though significant efforts are being make to reduce our carbon foot score such as building the worlds largest wind farm, pollution due transferee however still remains a major problem in the UK (http//www. actionforourplanet. com). Environmental concern has uprise on the political agenda since 2003. Various olicies have been introduced since then, relating to the environment. In 2009, a document entitled principal to a Greener London was published setting out the aims for London to reduce its carbon foot print and become one of the worlds greenest cities (https//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strateg. The Mayors Municipal waste strategy (2011) sets out to modify the life of Londoners by retrofitting London, greening London and cleaner air for London (http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/Municipal%20Waste_FINAL. pdf).Retrofitting or mordenising our homes and workplaces to be more energy efficient is considered to be a vital action, as this accounts for nearly eighty percent (80%) of the cities emissions. discolor London cons ists of increasing Londons tree coverage and green spaces in order to improve air quality, reduce the impact of extreme weather conditions and increase the vibrancy of the city. The mayor has already make various steps towards achieving cleaner air for London which includes introducing new cleaner hybrid buses (http//www. london. gov. k/priorities/transport/green-transport/hybrid-buses), charging points for electric cars (https//www. sourcelondon. net) and barlays cycle hire is due to be expanding to south west London in 2014 (http//www. tfl. gov. uk/ corporal/media/newscentre/archive/25711. aspx). Nevertheless, evidence shows that air pollution in our capital has exceeding EU limits and proves that London has a long way to go to improve emissions (http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembly/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital).The business waste Strategy (2011) sets out to direct the trouble of business waste. London currentl y produces 20 million tones of waste a year. With London growing, this amount is due to increase. The aim of this policy is to educate and encourage Londoners to reduce, reuse and recycle their household and support businesss to dispose of their waste more efficiently and effectively (http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strategy/waste). These policies have filtered down to topical anaesthetic councils and a proposal has been drawn in the borough of Croydon to target those who persistently refuse to recycle with a fixed punishment of ? 0 (http//www. croydon. gov. uk/environment/rrandw/recycling-rates/). However, even with the governments increasing efforts to try a reduce waste and encourage recycling, on that point are many areas in society where this is not happening. For example, the governments voluntary scheme to neglect the use if throwaway bags issued by supermarkets has been a disappointment. The use of plastic bags has increased for the second year r acetrack (http//www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2012/jul/05/plastic-bag-use-rise-supermarkets). In response, a proposal making it mandatory to charge all single use carrier bags may be enforced (http//www. ondon. gov. uk/media/press_releases_assembly_member/news-jenny-jones-am-calling-charge-all-single-use-carrier-bags). In conclusion, government will always make proposals and draw up policies however sometimes implementing these policies at a local level is very challenging. Even though the GLA want to see improvements and continuously demand, support needs to be made at a local level to help guide local authorities through continuous changes enforced upon them. REFERENCING FRANSSON, N. GARLING,T. (1999) ENVIRONMENTALCONCERN CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS, measure METHODS, AND RESEARCH FINDINGS.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19 (4) pp 369382 http//www. actionforourplanet. com//top-10-polluting-countries/4541684868 http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembly/new- figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/transport/green-transport/hybrid-buses http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/Business%20Waste_FINAL. pdf). http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/Business%20Waste_FINAL. pdf http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/londons_economy_today_no119_26071

Compare & Contrast

In And After The War Young men who are sent to a war learn the reality in a very irate and brutal charge. Both the stories, The blushful Convertible and The Things They Carried portray the action of a young soldier and how he psychologically gets affected from all the things he had seen in the war. Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, is more specific on the experiences of a soldier during a war where as Karen Louise Erdrich focuses more on describing the post war traumatic stress in her short apologue The Red Convertible. One thing similar in both the narrations is the Vietnam War and its consequences on the soldiers.From the cover songground of both the seeds its easy to conclude that Tim OBrien universe a war veteran emphasizes more on the war scenes where as Louise Erdrich focuses mainly on the life inside the reservations, which makes sense as she has a Native American ancestry. In both the stories authors show & adenine compare the human emotions of a soldier before an d later he gets drafted into a war. In The Things They Carried, the accounting revolves around a twenty two year old First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, a fresh graduate from New Jersey who is drafted and sent into the Vietnam War.Tim OBrien does a true justice to the ennoble of the story and emphasizes on the physical strength of the soldiers, and how it gets tear down with all the situations they bugger off been put through. At one point of the story he describes soldiers directing mementos and objects for good luck superstitiously. For an instance, Dave Jensen one of the soldiers carried a rabbits foot and Norman Bowker carried a thumb that had been presented to him as a gift from a soldier of the same platoon, Mitchell Sanders.He also successfully portrays the confused state of take heed of a soldier, during the conversation between Henry Dobbins and Mitchell Sanders intimately the reason behind Sanders cutting off a thumb from a dead corpse of a fifteen or sixteen year old bo y. Mitchell tries to make Henry understand that there was a moral behind what he did nevertheless Henry walks off speaking sarcastically and unconvinced. In Karens The Red Convertible, the story is narrated by Lyman Lamartine who is the younger brother of Henry Junior who had just got back from Vietnam after the war was over.The alone story is narrated in a flashback unlike Tims The Things They Carried where the story moves back and off in time. For example when the author describes the things that the soldiers carried in the very beginning of the story, he mentions Ted Lavender carrying six or seven ounces of premium dope until he was shot. Karen emphasizes more on the relationship between brothers and compares the state of mind in which they were before and after the war. The younger brother Lyman hadnt changed much where as the elderberry bush brother Henry was completely a different person after he got back from Vietnam.In both the stories authors have successfully shown the life of a young and happy bachelor until he was drafted to the war and then things changed drastically. In The Things They Carried, author narrates Lieutenant Jimmy Cross as a romantic young boy who would carry letters from a girl named Martha. He knew there was no such thing as recognize between them but he would still be hopeful that things might work out his way after the war is over and when he is sent back home. In the later part of the story after one of his soldier dies, he blames himself for what had happened.Though it can be argued that it wasnt completely his fault but thats what being in war can do to you. Whereas in The Red Convertible author describes the life of the two brothers before and after the war without emphasizing much on what had happened during the war. In the whole story, the red convertible is used as a symbol of Henry and Lymans relationship. This is wherefore I think Lyman drives the car into the lake, so he can bury all the memoirs which he had share d with his elder brother Henry.With this act, the author might want to show that Lyman wanted to move on with his life and which is why he drowned the car into the lake after Henry jumped in. After reading both the stories one might verbalize that The Things They Carried, emphasizes on the life of a soldier in the war and The Red Convertible can be a continuation of the soldiers life after the war is over and he comes back home. In The Things They Carried the reader would observe the emotional stress a soldier goes through during the war. In essence, The Red Convertible shows how these emotional stresses can be suicidal later in a soldiers life.

Member of Parliament Essay

This go downs the rest of the team in a situation that could sustain stress and extra work that they wouldnt have had to deal with if the team member had done what they express they would do. In give to avoid this it is important for all team members to understand the importance of doing what they are charge to do. A team member who does not meet deadlines There are many things to consider when something goes vilify when you are a part of a team or group.The first thing I would do is make sure that the deadline was roll in the hayn and that the team member understood the deadline and what was supposed to be completed. If there was a misunderstanding then I would make sure that the rest of the team didnt have the identical misunderstanding about the deadlines and their importance. This situation is especially true for me and this assignment. I was late in submitting my portion and it has put team members in this exact scenario.The way I would handle this with myself, is to ma ke sure I know how important deadlines are and how the impact the work of the rest of the team. I would let myself know that people are relying on me to have my portion of a project or assignment done in order for their portions to be implemented and the final project to be completed. In order to avoid this in the future, I will make sure that I keep track of all deadlines and schedule my time accordingly.

Florida Public Health And Statutes Health And Social Care Essay

1 ) Discuss the subdivision of the universe health legislative acts that is of greatest involvement to you. Explain why it is of import and depict what you learned as new information.The worldly concern wellness legislative act covering with Substance Abuse Services ( Chapter 397 ) is of great involvement to me.The chapter essentially trades with sum total misuse bar, intercession and intervention function. Substance insult is a major wellness muse and leads to deeply upseting effects as serious damage, chronic dependence, condemnable behaviour, vehicular casualties, gy place wellness attention costs, AIDS. It is the economic consumption of the legislative body to guarantee within available resources a full continuum of substance maltreatment run establish on projected identified demands, delivered without favoritism and with equal proviso for specialised demands. It is recognized that a substance maltreatment damage crisis is destructing the young person and is the unde rlying cause of m some(prenominal) juveniles father ining the juvenile equity system, and that substance maltreatment damage contri thates to the offense the school dropout rate, young person self-destruction, adolescent gestation, and substance-exposed neonates and that substance maltreatment damage is a community melodic phrase, a house have got labor, a social job, and a judicial job and that there is a critical demand to tour to this speck instantly. Therefore, it is the purpose of the legislative assembly that scarce financess be invested in bar and early intercession excogitations. The economic cost of substance maltreatment damage to the obligation drains bing resources, and the cost to victims, both economic and psychological, is traumatic and tragic. The end of the legislative assembly to deter substance maltreatment by advancing healthy life styles and medicate free schools, surviveplaces and communities. The Legislature besides intends to supply laterality for the persona to allot out bing services to juveniles, to contract with community-based substance maltreatment service suppliers for the proviso of specialised services, and to hold paradigm theoretical accounts developed prior to statewide execution.The new subjects I came across in this chapter are( a ) Duties of the Department( B ) Treatment-based medicine homage purposes.Duties of the elementA comprehensive body politic chopine has been designed for the proviso of substance maltreatment services which includes Designation of incidence and prevalence of jobs connect to substance maltreatment, description of current services, need for services, cost of services, precedences for support.It besides provides on a direct or contractual footing public instruction protrudes and an information clearinghouse to circulate information about the nature and effects of substance abuse. , developing for forces who provide substance maltreatment services, a information aggregation and ai ring system, in conformity with applicable federal confidentiality regulations. , basic epidemiological and statistical research and the airing of consequences, research in cooperation with qualified research workers on services delivered. The Department plans to set up a support plan for the airing of available federal, province, and private financess through contractual understandings with community-based organisations or units of province or local political science which deliver local substance maltreatment services.Treatment based drug court plansThe treatment-based drug judicature plans include curative law rules and adhere to the 10 cardinal constituents, recognized by the do drugs appeals political platform Office of the Office of Justice Programs of the linked States Department of Justice and adopted by the Florida Supreme Court Treatment-Based Drug Court Steering Committee. ( a ) Drug tribunal plans integrate intoxicant and other drug intervention services with justn ess system instance regaleing. ( B ) Using a non adversarial attack, prosecution and self-abnegation advocate promote public safety while protecting musicians due procedure rights. ( degree Celsius ) bailable participants are identified early and quickly placed in the drug tribunal plan. ( 500 ) Drug tribunal plans provide entree to a continuum of intoxicant, drug, and other related intervention and rehabilitation services. ( vitamin E ) temperance is monitored by frequent proving for intoxicant and other drugs. ( degree Fahrenheit ) A co-ordinated scheme governs drug tribunal plan responses to participants conformity. ( g ) Ongoing judicial interaction with all(prenominal) drug tribunal plan participant is indispensable. ( H ) Monitoring and rating step the accomplishment of plan ends and gauge plan effectivity. ( I ) act interdisciplinary instruction promotes effectual drug tribunal plan planning, execution, and operations. ( J ) Forging partnerships among drug tribunal p lans, public bureaus, and community-based organisations generates local support and enhances drug tribunal plan effectivityThe support of a treatment-based drug tribunal plan under which individuals in the justness system assessed with a substance maltreatment job will be processed in much(prenominal) a mode as to suitably turn to the badness of the identified substance maltreatment job through intervention services tailored to the atomic number 53 demands of the participant.( 2 ) Identify two different types of attacks or methods used to come up the wellness of Floridians ( e.g. , service bringing, enactment ) . For each, describe an illustration from the Florida public wellness legislative acts and place a possible restriction that could admonish accomplishing the intended result.The two different types of attacks or methods used to progress the wellness of Floridians are( a ) wellness Insurance overture. ( ss.408.90-408.910 )( B ) Delivery of disease fake services-Tubercul osis Control ( Delivery of Tuberculosis hold up services ) ( chapter 392 )( A ) Health Insurance Access The Legislature finds that a important figure of the occupants of this province do non hold equal entree to affordable, quality wellness attention because the premiums are unaffordable The Legislature intends to supply a province wellness restitution plan for those people who are without wellness insurance so that they may hold entree to preventive and primary attention services. The province wellness insurance plan programs to spin basic, low-cost wellness attention services to those Floridians who have non had entree to the private wellness insurance market. The Legislature intends that the province plan shall aim the uninsured and non those who presently have private wellness insurance coverage. . The Legislature farther discoveries that increasing entree to affordable, quality wellness attention can be best concluded by set uping a competitory market for buying wellness i nsurance and wellness services. It is accordingly the purpose of the Legislature to make the Florida Health Choices Program toExpand chances for Floridians to buy low-cost wellness insurance and wellness services, preserve the benefits of employment-sponsored insurance while easing the administrative load for employers who offer these benefits, enable mavin pick in both the mode and sum of wellness attention purchased, supply for the purchase of single, portable wellness attention coverage, disseminate information to consumers on the m wholenesstary value and quality of wellness services, snitch a competitory market that stimulates merchandise invention, quality betterment, and efficiency in the production and bringing of wellness servicesEvery occupant of this province who has a gross household income that is equal to or infra 250 per centum of the federal poorness degree and who meets the demands of this subdivision is legal to inscribe in the Med Access plan. Every eligible individual who enrolls in the Med Access plan is entitled to have benefits for both covered service render within this province by a take parting supplier which include physician services, hospital inmate services, hospital outpatient services, research lab services, household planning services, outpatient mental wellness services alteration in the Med Access plan is capable to eligibility and financial restrictions and shall be renewed yearly.Restrictions of Med Access Program( 1 ) The Med Access plan shall non cover benefits that are provided as portion of workers compensation insurance.( 2 ) The Med Access plan shall except coverage for preexisting conditions, except gestation, during a period of 12 months following the effectual daytime of the month of coverage every bit long as( a ) The status manifested itself within a period of 6 months before the effectual day of the month of coverage or( B ) medical checkup advice or intervention was recommended or received within 6 months before the effectual day of the month of coverage.( 3 ) The Med Access plan shall non include coverage for outpatient prescription drugs, spectacless, dental services, tutelary attention, or exigency services for non emergent conditions.( 4 ) Any member of the Med Access plan who is determined to be at high hazard by a take parting primary attention supplier shall, upon reclamation, hold to be placed in a instance direction system when it is determined by the plan to be in the best involvement of the member and the Med Access plan.( 5 ) No individual on whose behalf the plan has paid out $ 500,000 in covered benefits is eligible for continued coverage in the Med Access plan.( B ) Delivery of Disease Control Services TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL ( Delivery of TB verify services )Active TB is a extremely contagious infection that is sometimes fatal and constitutes a serious menace to the public wellness. There is a important reservoir of TB infection in this province and that there is a demand to develop community plans to place TB and to react quickly with appropriate steps. Some patients who have active TB have complex medical, societal, and economic jobs that make outpatient bind of the disease hard, if non impossible, without presenting a menace to the public wellness. The Legislature finds that in order to protect the people from those some individuals who pose a menace to the populace, it is necessary to set up a system of compulsory skin senses designation, intervention to bring around, hospitalization, and isolation for contagious instances and to supply a system of voluntary, community-oriented attention and surveillance in all other instances. The Legislature finds that the bringing of TB aver services is best accomplished by the co-ordinated attempts of the several county wellness sections, the A.G. Holley State Hospital, and the private wellness attention bringing system.Community TB control programs. The section operates, straight or by con tract, community TB control plans in each county in the province. Community TB control plans trades with thePromotion of community and affairal instruction about the causes and dangers of TB and methods of its control and intervention to remedy Community and single showing for the presence of TB Surveillance of all pretend and reported instances of active TB, including contact probe as necessary and as directed by the section Reporting of all known instances of TB to the section Development of an individualised intervention program for each individual who has active TB and who is under the attention of the section, including proviso of intervention to remedy and follow up, and the scattering of medicine by agencies of straight observed therapy, if appropriate, to eligible individuals under regulations and guidelines developed by the section and render of guidance, periodic retesting, and referral to allow societal service, employment, medical, and lodging bureaus, as necess ary for individuals released from hospitalization or residential ar endurement.The section plans to develop, by regulation, a methodological abbreviation for administering financess appropriated for TB control plans. Standards to be considered in this methodological analysis include, but are non hold to, the basic substructure available for TB control, caseload demands, laboratory support services involve, and epidemiologic factors. The end of the intervention program is to accomplish intervention to bring around by the least restrictive agencies. The section shall develop, a standard intervention program form that essential include, but is non limited to, a statement of available services for intervention, which includes the usage of straight observed therapy all findings in the rating and diagnostic procedure mensurable aims for intervention advancement and clip periods for accomplishing each aim. Each intervention program must be implemented through a instance direction at tack designed to progress the single demands of the individual who has active TB. The individual s advancement in accomplishing the aims of the intervention program must be sporadically reviewed and revised as necessary, in audience with the individual.Restrictions of Tuberculosis control services noncompliance to anti tubercular therapy is a major restriction to the TB control plans. The failure to take overconfident medicine is a cosmopolitan perplexing phenomenon. This fact must be taken into consideration when one enterprises to handle a patient or control diseases in a community. Terbium is a inherited disease necessitating drawn-out intervention, and unfortunate attachment to a prescribed intervention increases the hazard of morbidity, mortality and spread of disease in the community The curative regimens given under direct observation as recommended by WHO have been shown to be extremely effectual for both forestalling and handling TB but sad attachment to anti TB medicin e is a major barrier to it s planetary control. Factors associated with patients for hapless conformity in the pre-DOTS ( Directly Observed Treatment Short-course ) epoch are alleviation from symptoms, inauspicious reactions to drugs, internal and work-related jobs. In an urban TB control plan, disobedience with DOTS was common and was closely associated with alcohol addiction and homelessness. disobedience is associated with an addition in the happening of hapless results from intervention and accounted for most intervention failures. Advanced plans are needed to cover with alcohol addiction and homelessness in patients with TB. 1 3 ) Select a wellness profession of involvement to you. Discourse the chief elements of how the profession is regulated, how the ordinances benefit the profession and the community, every bit good as any restrictionsA wellness profession that involvements me the most is medical public figure ( chapter 458 ) .The profession is regulated by a set of regu lations and the primary legislative intent is to guarantee that every specify practicing in this province meets minimal demands for safe figure of speech. It is the legislative purpose that physicians who fall below minimal competence or who other than show a danger to the public shall be prohibited from practising in this province. Any individual lacking(p) to be licensed as a doctor, who does non keep a valid licence in any province, is supposed to use to the section on signifiers furnished by the section. The section provides a licence to each applicator who the board certifies has completed the screening signifier and remitted a nonrefundable application fee non to transcend $ 500, Is at least 21 old ages of age, is of good moral character, has non committed any act or offense in this or any other legal power which would represent the footing for cookery a physician pursuant(predicate) and meets one of the undermentioned medical instruction and graduate student preparation demands( A ) Is a alumnus of an allopathic medical school or allopathic college recognized and approved by an accrediting bureau recognized by the United States Office of Education or is a alumnus of an allopathic medical school or allopathic college within a territorial legal power of the United States recognized by the recognizing bureau of the governmental organic structure of that legal power or Is a alumnus of an allopathic foreign medical school registered with the World Health Organization and certified pursuant to s. 458.314 as holding met the criterions required to recognize medical schools in the United States or moderately similar criterions( B ) Has had his or her medical certificates evaluated by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, holds an active, valid attestation issued by that committee, and has passed the scrutiny utilized by that committee and( C ) Has obtained a passing mark, as complete by regulation of the board, on the licensure scru tiny of the United States Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE ) or a conclave of the United States Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE ) .The section and the board assures that applicators for licensure meet all the standards through an investigatory procedure. When the fact-finding procedure is non completed within the clip set and if the section or board has ground to rely that the applier does non run into the standards, the State Surgeon General or the State Surgeon General s designee may publish a 90-day licensure hold which shall be in composing and sufficient to advise the applier of the ground for the hold. Furthermore, the section may non publish an unrestricted licence to any person who has committed any act or discourtesy in any legal power which would represent the footing for training a physician pursuant to s. 458.331. When the board finds that an person has committed an act or discourtesy in any legal power which would represent the footing for training a phys ician pursuant to s. 458.331, so the board may come in an order enforcing one or more of the footings set ahead in subdivision.The section besides issues punishments for go againsting regulations and ordinances such as The pattern of medical specialty or an effort to pattern medical specialty without a licence to pattern in Florida, the usage or attempted usage of a licence which is suspended or revoked to pattern medical specialty, .attempting to obtain or obtaining a licence to pattern medical specialty by cognizing deceit, trying to obtain or obtaining a place as a medical practician or medical occupant in a clinic or infirmary through cognizing deceit of instruction, preparation, or experience.Restrictions of medical pattern areThe Legislature recognizes that the pattern of medical specialty is potentially unsafe to the populace if conducted by insecure and unqualified practicians. The Legislature finds advertize that it is hard for the populace to do an informed pick when cho osing a doctor and that the effects of a anomalous determination could earnestly violate the public wellness and safety. ( illustration inauspicious incidents in office pattern scenes. the term inauspicious incident means an event over which the doctor or licensee could exert control and which is associated in whole or in portion with a medical intercession, instead than the status for which such intercession occurred, and which consequences in the undermentioned patient hurts The decease of a patient, encephalon or spinal harm to a patient, lasting disfiguration, the public presentation of a operative process on the incorrect patient, The public presentation of a wrong-site surgical process the public presentation of a incorrect surgical process or the surgical fix of harm to a patient ensuing from a planned surgical process where the harm is non a recognized particular hazard as disclosed to the patient and document through the informed-consent procedure ) .The section revie ws each incident and determine whether it potentially involved behavior by a wellness attention professional who is capable to disciplinary action and disciplinary action, if any, will be taken by the board under which the wellness attention professional is licensed.When the board determines that any applier for licensure has failed to run into, to the board s satisfaction, each of the appropriate demands set Forth in this subdivision, it may come in an order necessitating one or more of the undermentioned footings( a ) Refusal to attest to the section an application for licensure, enfranchisement, or enrollment ( B ) Certification to the section of an application for licensure, enfranchisement, or enrollment with limitations on the range of pattern of the licensee or ( degree Celsius ) Certification to the section of an application for licensure, enfranchisement, or enrollment with arrangement of the doctor on probation for a period of clip and capable to such conditions as the bo ard may stipulate, including, but non limited to, necessitating the doctor to subject to intervention, attend go oning instruction classs, submit to redirect examination, or work under the supervising of another doctor.

Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital Ceo Compensation

Ethical Dilemmas veneering Non-Profit infirmary chief executive officer Compensation Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital chief operating officer Compensation Executive Summary This essay deals with the unethical prevalence of profligate stipend packages granted to nonprofit organization infirmary executives. Nonprofits atomic number 18 highly complex organizations and atomic number 18 vital to the confederations in which they serves. Therefore, it is indispensable for these organizations to appoint highly motivated individuals knowledgeable of the wellness aid industry and capable of managing and jumper cable a infirmary during a interior(a) recession while wellness reform is changing the cordialization of the US wellnessc are system.However, some(prenominal) nonprofit organizations tax-exempt statuses should be rescinded for allocating leftover resources to infirmary executives in the form of exorbitant salaries, benefits, and opposite incentives. It is these hefty salaries and benefits that are restricting hospitals from carrying out their priority bursting charge as public charities. These chief operating officers exorbitant fee packages are further straining the hospitals ability to forget a neighborly benefit, tincture that these tax-exempt organizations are acting unethically, in that pecuniary gain is taking precedents over social responsibilities.Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital chief executive officer Compensation Communities crossways the nation kick in seen the coarse effects of the delicate pecuniary status of our country and the effects it has on healthcare organization inwardly their companionship. In a magazine difficult for nonprofit healthcare organizations to lease at a profit, many organizations are left with no choice but to cut essential departments, programs, and employees, leaving many diligents that nonplus relied on these organizations, out in the cold.Recently, because of these fiscal i ssues, the ethical principles of nonprofits regarding CEO requital have been under heavy scrutiny by both the public, and the Internal Revenue Service for excessive salaries and benefits. Nonprofit hospitals are organization that are exempt from reconcileing income, sales, and property taxes, and receive harmonic donations and huge government subsidies with the understanding that these subsidies are issued in order for these hospitals to fulfill their duty as a community service and benefit.Excessively high wages for hospital executives is an unethical epidemic facing many organizations, particularly vauntingly and urban hospitals, that is restricting hospitals from carrying out its duties because of additional financial modesty. Salaries for nonprofit hospital executives should be capped as they limit and much restrict hospitals to better fulfill their charitable, social commissions. healthcare is beginning to mirror corporate businesses with many hospital CEO salaries competitively rivaling those of corporate executives.However, organizational goals and missions are roughly completely diametrical. healthcare organizations are unlike other corporations in that corporations are in existence with the ultimate goal of financial gain. Nonprofit hospitals carry missions such as to supply high-quality, cost-effective healthcare services to all patients irrespective of ability to ease up,to offer training, to conduct clinical research, to serve the community as a public health advocate, and to provide instigate and services which respond to the areas health care needs through health education, health promotion, and access to care.Hospitals have the ethical responsibility to pursue a social mission, including providing uncompensated care and community outreach, but when their executives boast salaries with staggering seven figure salaries, the charitable work of the organization becomes obnubilated by an obvious pursuit of financial gain. The IRS re ported that the average hospital CEO received $490,000 in total compensation in 2006, and guide executives at cardinal of the larger hospitals in the nation raked in an average of $1. 4 one million million million a year, whereas uncompensated and free care expenditures as a pctage of hospital revenues averaged rough 7 percent (Terry, K. 009). There is a large margin in executive compensation that is interdependent on features such as geographical location and size. According to the Charity Navigator, in 2008, the medial CEO salary in the Northeast was $351,000 for large hospitals, and $120,000 for small hospitals. In the Mountain West region of the US, the median salaries for a large hospital was $194,374, and still $80,790 for small hospitals (Charity Navigator 2010) Seven figure salaries are non a normal occurrence among hospital and health system executives.However, fit to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, which does an annual national survey of nonprofit salaries, found t hat the five top- paying(a) nonprofit chief executives in 2003 all worked for hospitals. On top of these exaggerated salaries are the attractive benefits such as bonuses, deferred income, retirement plans, country club memberships, and countless other perks that are attracting the wrong kind of leaders to these organizations. Hospitals must provide their social responsibility to the community onward expenditure outrageous salaries for chief executives.It is an unethical practice to pay executive teams more than the total spending on the necessitous care of the community. For example, the survey identified 17 hospitals in California where the total compensation to CEOs alone exceeded the total cost of pilot ladder care of their respective organizations. These excessive salaries could have easily paid hospital bills for uninsured individuals, or could have been used to fund educational programs for the community, provide free immunizations to the public, and or many other beneficia l alternatives that could have had a big impact on the communitys health (Mahar, M. 011). It is unjustified for executives to be compensated in amounts greater than $1 million. By capping executive salary at this figure, funds can be reprioritized into community programs such as parenting support programs, screening programs, women, children and infant development clinics, which can be enforceed to provide nutrition and educational information for new mothers, and social work programs that could assist individuals and families that verbalism medical cerebrate problems, and those who need emotional support.Instead, esurience has played a big factor in CEO initiatives. It has non been of rare occurrence for promontory executives to siphon off millions of tax dollars that should be going towards access and quality care. It is unethical for executives at nonprofit organizations to exploit their federally granted nontaxable status to enrich themselves (Swiatek, J. , 2005) Attorney General Michael A. Delaney of naked as a jaybird Hampshire inform in May of 2010 that he would review the compensation of CEOs at more than twenty nonprofit hospitals throughout the state.In a report that reviewed the proposed merger of two health systems, Mr. Delaney expressed his concern almost the pay for Alyson Pitman Giles, President CEO of Catholic Medical Center, who earned $1. 4 million in 2009. He stated, Nonprofit leaders must be aware that they are the stewards of the charitable assets they oversee, and those assets are held in trust for charitable purposes, not individual gain, (Gose, B. , 2010)Non-profit hospitals must provide a minimum of charity care in order to receive its tax-free title and its federal grants. However, many hospitals, although they meet the minimum, make no effort to go above and beyond this threshold, instead rewarding these left over funds to be dispersed to the organizations high-end executives in the form of company cars and country club mem berships (Mahar, M. , 2011). These lavish executive benefits in no way benefit the organization. They are unethical and borderline unlawful.Federal law states that non-profit, tax-exempt organizations cannot act upon to the financial benefit of any individual. In the mid-1990s, Congress passed intermediate sanctions laws that have given the IRS authority to hold individuals who make excessive compensation from a non-profit to pay the money back, plus a 25% fin. (Appleby, J. , 2004). It is a common suggestion to compensate executives to match their slaying at the organization in which they lead. However in that respect are different ways to measure hospital performance.There is a measure of how well a CEO does in leading his or her hospital in providing beneficial programs to the community for example, uncompensated care for the poor. another(prenominal) way to measure or his or her success is by how well CEOs fulfil new programs and services that will in hopes attract private p ay customers like specialized military operation centers, imaging centers, and cardiac centers. Many healthcare organizations across the nation are expanding and adding unique services that are attracting private pay customers, giving hospitals the opportunity to increase profits.This practice has its benefits in both providing a wider take off of care for those who can pay, and offering the hospital more means of financial gain, however, in many organizations, this has realized precedence over the social missions of nonprofit organizations. In a study conducted by Jeffrey Kramer, PHD, and Rexford E. Santerre, PhD, 30 hospitals in Connecticut were examined on how conglomerate measures of performance touch the compensation of CEOs, which throughout the state, range from a modest $136,000 to an exorbitant $2 million plus salary.The study shows that CEO compensation is directly related to organizational size, stating, A 10 percent increase in the number of beds results in an 8 per cent increase in CEO pay. Another 8% increase in pay is attributed to the CEO if the military control rate rises by 10%. In contrast, providing more uncompensated care and admitting an additional public-pay patient lowers the compensation of hospital CEOs. The results of the study reveal that hospital CEOs (certainly in the state of Connecticut) have financial incentive to increase the occupancy of privately insured patients rather than uncompensated care and public paid insurance patients, also suggesting that economic performance takes priority over charitable performance (Kramer, J. , Santerre, R. E). Notwithstanding, A non-distribution constraint on nonprofit organizations means that excessive profits cannot be distributed among those who make conclusions within the organization this includes employees, managers, and mature members.Hence, the nonprofit distinction ought to mean hospital executives are paid based upon their attainment at fulfilling the charitable and social mission of the organization. Nonprofit hospitals have ethical responsibilities and obligations to serve the community, even in times of financial struggle. It is central for these organizations to recruit professionals that demonstrate the same ideals and values of the organization. Healthcare leaders whose goal is to produce a healthier population through increased public programs and access to care is the type of leader that hospitals and health systems should strive to obtain.Accomplished leaders can be found and appointed as a nonprofit CEO for a more reasonable (6 figure) salary if he or she is in the healthcare industry not for riches, but for offering a greater good. The American Red Cross for example, took in $3. 3 million in revenue in 2009, however Red Cross CEO Gail McGovern took in only $456,000, according to the organizations IRS filing (Hancock, J. , 2011). McGovern is an example of a leader who recognizes the ethical financial dilemmas of her organization, and will willingly take a more appropriate salary in order to accomplish the organizations goals.There is no nurture of executive compensation in the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act besides the suggestion that compensation should be reasonable. Hospital executives should be paid based on their production within the organization and their contribution to their community. As a nonprofit organization, pursuing the charitable mission should take greatest importance in determining final executive compensation. This aspect of an organizations mission should neer be overshadowed by hospital expansion, financial well-being, or increased services and technology.Although these elements are incredibly important for the organization, the insured population, and the advancement of medicine, it is unethical for charitable organizations to use government subsidies for anything other than charity care and social benefit. Budget cuts, along with a feeble economy has resulted in hospitals engaging in mass layoffs to continue resources. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the month of August (2011) consisted of thirteen mass layoffs in hospitals, totaling in over 1,000 jobs lost. The month before consisted of ten mass layoffs with over 600 lost jobs.This puts hospitals on pace for nearly 130 mass layoffs and over 8,000 jobs lost in 2011. To make matters seem worse, in an article stick on by FierceHealthcare, a leading source of healthcare management news for healthcare industry executives, AMA data claims that a 2 percent cut in the Medicare program would lead to the loss of 195,000 jobs by 2021 (Caramenico, A. , 2011). These layoffs would be decreased immensely if hospital executives received more appropriate salaries. Excessive salaries are not only draining resources from the hospital, but are also threatening the jobs of nurses, administrators, and other hospital employees.These staff members, who are on an opposite spectrum in terms of salary, face the poss ibility of layoffs at any time of financial vulnerability. The decision to cut jobs in non-profit hospitals while executives are still receiving smother Street salaries is unethical of the board of trustees. In financially difficult times, executives have the ethical responsibility to take pay cuts in order to prevent the organizations social reputation. Hospitals are exceedingly complex organizations that more often than not are the single largest employers in communities across the country.Hospital executives are responsible for making important decisions that will ultimately affect thousands of people. Many CEOs and members of boards of trustees argue that executive roles are far too important to not have competitive compensation packages. It is argued that million dollar salaries, added bonuses, hefty retirement plans, and other attractive perks are the only way to attract highly effective leaders capable of running a hospital in a time of economic struggle and health reform. Many hospitals have net revenues colossal the billion-dollar mark, making it easier of Board members to justify seven-figure salaries for CEOs.President and CEO of New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Dr. Herbert Pardes inherited a $9. 8 million package in 2008 that included $6. 8 million of previously awarded retirement benefits, which hell receive when he retires at the end of 2011. If Dr. Pardes worked at a public company of about the same size, his salary would be awfully low. In 2009, Nasdaq CEO Robert Griefelds total compensation exceeded $13 million while his companys revenues were only $3. 4 billion. New York-Presbyterian has 2,353 beds and pulled in $3 billion in revenue in 2008, up 3% from 2007. A The greater New York Hospital Association spokesman defended Dr.Pardes salary, stating, Dr. Pardes pay reflects his extraordinary success leading this large and complex organization, and portentous objectives to enhance patient care, strengthen financial stability and promote comm unity health in a very challenging environment. (Benson, B. , 2010) The Greater New York Hospital Association stated that CEO salaries reflect not only a national demand for their services, but also the skills and leadership necessary to operate large, extremely complex medical centers that are open 24/7, generate millions and sometimes billions in revenue, and are often the largest employer in the community. (Benson 2010) Leading one of these charities requires an individual that possesses an understanding of the issues that are unique to the charitys mission as well as a high level of fundraising and management expertise. Attracting and retaining that type of talent requires a competitive level of compensation as dictated by the marketplace. It is important for donors to understand that since the average charity CEO earns roughly $150,000, a six-figure salary is not necessarily a sign of excessive pay for a mid to large sized charity. Charity Navigator 2010) Today, executives are being paid to slip away their organizations afloat amid closings of many hospitals nationwide due to persistently poor financial performances. CEOs face constant pressure to hire more staff, increase nurses salaries, utensil more community programs, and invest in expensive technologies, while at the same time they are aware that insurers want to pay as little as possible. The CEO undoubtedly faces many challenges, and the responsibilities are incredibly complex.Even with a nonprofit status, many oppose executive compensation cuts, arguing that these organizational leaders deserve salaries competitive to corporate pay. trustees pay executives based on total revenues, as well as how effective they are in providing patient safety, clinical quality, attentive service, and cost authority. Hospital executive compensation should be based on a number of elements, such as total revenue, the size of the organization, as well as the amount and effectiveness of community benefit.Instead of offering company cars and extravagant country club memberships, executives should be entitled to financial incentives to implement more community benefit programs. Peter Baristone, President & CEO of Mission Hospital located in Laguna Beach, CA referred to his own compensation strategy stating Collaborating with the community to identify, understand, and respond to community needs that have an impact on health and quality of life is a major goal for all CEOs. We establish specific quantifiable targets for each goal.One-seventh of my bonus depends on reaching the targets for community health and benefit. (Bogue, R, 1999). I recommend that all nonprofit Boards assemble an independent compensation committee, responsible for reviewing the CEOs performance and ensuring that the CEOs pay is appropriate. At its highest, CEO compensation should be capped at $1 million, thus allowing these large, urban hospitals to recycle resources back into the hospital and community programs, while at th e same time offering executives a market competitive salary, fit for a CEO.At a time where nearly 20% of adults are uninsured and community residents are in need of help in the form of various programs, it is more important than ever for nonprofit hospitals to perform its duty of being a non-profit organization and be of greater service to the community in which it serves. Nonprofits not only have the legal responsibility to implement such benefits, but also have the moral and ethical duty to carry out their social missions to the best of their ability, and as far as their recourses let them.By capping executive compensation, these resources can be better allocated to provide more charity care, to implement more community programs and benefits to produce a healthier community, and ensure forthrightness among staff salaries. Hospitals are unquestionably complex institutions that require skilled managers, but theres no place for Wall Street-level salaries if we want an affordable hea lth care system. Mark Scherzer (Benson, B. , 2010) Works Cited Terry, K. (2009, February 13). IRS Report Puts Tax-Exempt Hospitals Under Microscope CBS password.Breaking News Headlines Business, Entertainment & World News CBS News. Retrieved December 5, 2011, from http//www. cbsnews. com/8301-505123_162- 43840159/irs-report-puts-tax-exempt-hospitals-under-microscope/? tag=bnetdoma in Charity Navigator. (n. d. ). 2010 Compensation Study. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from www. charitynavigator. org/__asset__/st Mahar, M. (2011, March 24). Health Beat High CEO Salaries at Nonprofit Hospitals Under ScrutinyOnce Again. Health Beat. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http//www. healthbeatblog. om/2011/03/high-ceo-salaries-at- Swiatek, J. (2005, February 6). establish is healthy for hospitals executives Corporate-like salaries seen at nonprofits top jobs. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from www2. indystar. com/articles/6/220029-4276-P. html Gose, B. (2010). Nonprofit CEO make up Under Scrutiny. Chronicle Of Philanthropy, 22(16), 8. Appleby, J. , & TODAY, U. (2004, September 30). USATODAY. com IRS looking closely at what non-profits pay. News, Travel, Weather, Entertainment, Sports, Technology, U. S. & World USATODAY. com.Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http//www. usatoday. com/money/companies/management/2004-09-30-salary- Kramer, J. , & Santerre, R. E. (2010). Not-for-Profit Hospital CEO Performance and Pay Some Evidence from Connecticut. Inquiry, 47(3), 242-251 Hancock, J. (2011, August 28). For hospitals, nonprofit stops with CEOs paycheck Baltimore Sun. Featured Articles From The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http//articles. baltimoresun. com/2010-08-29/health/bs-bz-hancock-hospital-pay-20100829_1_hospitals-executive-compensation-ceos Caramenico, A. 2011, October 4). More mass layoffs as hospitals face payment cuts FierceHealthcare. Healthcare News, Hospital News, Healthcare Companies Fierce Healthcare. Retrieved Oct ober 26, 2011, from http//www. fiercehealthcare. com/ point/more-mass-layoffs- hospitals-face-payment-cuts/2011-10-04 Benson, B. (2010). Hospital execs enjoy healthy paydays. (cover story). Crains New York Business, 26(12), 1-15. Bogue, R. (1999). An incentive for community health. Linking CEO compensation to community goals. Trustee The Journal For Hospital Governing Boards, 52(5), 15-19.